Harvard Film Archive Collections

Every now and again I come across a hand painted poster in the poster collection.  These are almost always painted on the verso of a mass-produced poster.

Some hand painted posters are very detailed; often they are copies of the theatrical poster.

The hand-painted posters in the HFA’s collection are very simple advertisements, some with illustrations, most without.  The example below is typical, showing recto and verso.

The Iron Glove (William Castle, 1954), Leith Poster Collection. Canadian hand-painted on verso of Bitter Victory poster.

Bitter Victory (Nicholas Ray, 1957). Leith Poster Collection

The Big Sky (Howard Hawks, 1952) (Leith Poster Collection)

Quentin Durward (Richard Thorpe, 1955) (Leith Poster Collection)

Erotica, sexploitation, pornography all find their way into the film archives and the HFA’s collection  is no exception.  Not everyone talks about these often secret collections, a censoring silence which can stymie researchers.

Kid Gallahad (Wayne Morris) Screen Guide, 1937

Almost any collection of film contains something a bit naughty.  Pornographic films were, after all,  invented almost as soon as motion picture film was invented.

While processing a recent collection procured by the Harvard Film Archive, I kept wondering where the dirty little secrets were.  Finally I found them: some 16mm 1920s nudie films, possibly the least offensive items I could have imagined,  many of which have opening titles which read:  “A producer’s note: this picture is solely for the development of graphic arts, an aid to sculptors, artists & designers who may not have a living model.”

The majority of the HFA’s erotic films are from the Grove Press Collection,  but there are a few others that turn up here and there, and include everything from silent nudies to stag films to softcore and hardcore pornography.  Many of the pornographic  films from the Grove Press Collection have been shown in the HFA’s Cinematheque.

Most recently I have noted some ephemeral material that is best categorized as Sexploitation in the Lothar and Eva Just Film StillsCollection (shown below).

Die Vergnügungsspalte (Tony Barinda, 1971) poster

Liebe in 3 Dimensionen AKA Love in 3-D (Walter Boos, 1973) Lobby Card

Liebe in 3 Dimensionen AKA Love in 3-D (Walter Boos, 1973) Lobby Card

Charlys Nichten (Walter Boos, 1974) Lobby Card

The 7th annual Home Movie Day will be held at the HFA on Saturday October 17th.

Over the years we have seen a wide variety of films at Home Movie Day, from an amateur Tarzan re-enactment by kids in the 1930s to film taken on an oceanliner in the 1920s.  Last year a teenage spy film hit the screen to great acclaim.  Classic home movies of barbecues and family vacations are our bread and butter, and they never cease to surprise and delight the crowd.

Why home movies? Because these little films, yours, or your grandma’s, or the ones you found at the junkyard, are unique and personal, potentially interesting, funny, pretty, fascinating and strange, and certainly worth a watch. Be the star of the show!

We provide the screen, projectors, projectionists, film inspectors, music, and information about film preservation and home movies in general, you provide the films.

The films you bring can be new or old (but don’t bring films we’ve shown at Home Movie Days past), they can belong to you or someone else. They should be amateur (not mass-produced), but those are the only guidelines.

Free Event
Saturday October 17 at 1pm

Home Movie Day

Check in with your films at 11am
Films will screen 1-4pm
In room B-04 in the lower level of the Carpenter Center
24 Quincy Street, Cambridge

Bring out your home movies on super 8, 8mm, 16mm, VHS, DVD, or other video format (bring a player or camera). Video is limited to 5 minutes. Local film archivists will be on hand to discuss home movie preservation.

Each film must be inspected for damage before being run on a projector, so please drop off your film as early as you can.  If possible, drop off your film at the HFA office the week prior to the event.

For more information about Home Movie Day and locations around the country, visit the Home Movie Day website, homemovieday.org.

Thanks to film archivists around the country, all the stills in the previous post were positively identified within hours of posting them.

Nice work everyone!

Anyone well-versed in the world of Abbott and Costello is welcome to identify the still below.

email me with your answer

coffey (at) fas (dot) harvard (dot) edu

the sign in the window reads Shirts & Neckties. The number is 616-3, but it doesn't appear to match a Universal picture.

Here are some film stills from the Burr Collection which are presently unidentified.  Today I write asking for you to take an active role in the blog.

photo 1 - The Black Scorpion (1957) tagline DON'T BE ASHAMED TO SCREAM - IT HELPS TO RELIEVE THE TENSION

Here is the exciting text that accompanies the above image:

Heavy equipment is brought up and Hank and Ramos agree to be lowered in a cage to investigate.  Teresa is terrified, for she and Hank have developed much more than a friendly relationship toward one another.

Unknown to everyone, Juanito has hidden himself in the cage.  At the bottom of the chasm, Juanito waits until the men are out of sight, then he wanders off by himself.  The little tot has decided that grown men need his help.  Hank and Ramos find only the searcher’s hat and figure he fell into a pool of molten lava.  Suddenly they halt in their tracks as they hear human screams.

photo 2 - Three Coins in the Fountain

photo 3 - Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

photo 4 - The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band

The following are from the same film.

photo 5 - Extravagance (1930)

photo 6 - Extravagance (1930)

photo 7 - Extravagance (1930)

photo 8 - Extravagance (1930)

photo 9 - Extravagance (1930)

photo 10 - Extravagance (1930)

photo 11 - Extravagance (1930)

The HFA has a new display case in our office at the Carpenter Center.  This month’s exhibit is from my present favorite, the Howard E. Burr Collection.

These boxes once housed films sold to the home market, and they fall into a few categories.

First, the newsfilm, newsreel, sports, or other newsy documentary  film.  These are generally serial or magazine -type films.  The covers don’t have much variation from month to month.

Next up, the cartoon.  Most of these cartoons are not one-offs, so the same cover could be used for all Happy Hooligan cartoons, for instance, with only the name (printed on the side) changing for each box.

Soundies are another example of a somewhat generic cover that could be used again and again, the only variation being the color of the box and the description of the content.  Soundies were short musical films, a pre-cursor to the music video.

Several distributors, finding their content appealing and their name well recognized, chose to sell their films in a generic box almost all the time.

Of course, a generic box was also a cost cutter, as was re-using an image.

Many times, reduction prints of feature films had exciting covers showing scenes from the film.

To see these covers and more in person, drop by our office.

In the young days of cinema, one of the first methods for presenting a film with recorded sound was to employ a method of sound on disc.  In the mid-1920s, films were occasionally distributed with an accompanying record.  The projector for this type of presentation had a record player attached to the base, and the record and film would be synched up by the projectionist.  As one might imagine, the synch didn’t always work, sometimes the record would skip or perhaps the operator would put on the wrong record.  It wasn’t a perfect system.

In the later 1920s, sound on film, which was a system that had been simmering for a few years, broke through and changed popular cinema forever, effectively killing the silent feature film.  This technique of sound on film, still in use today, provides an optical soundtrack on the edge of the film, which means it never goes out of synch (unless there has been a mix-up in the production of the track) as well as avoiding other problems of sound on disc.

Sound on disc made a brief re-appearance in the 1990s with the introduction of the digital sound on CD format, DTS.  In this format, the 35mm print was released with an optical soundtrack as well as digital track on CD.  To use this system, there would be a time code reader on the projector that read an optical timecode on the film (see below), which kept the CD track in synch with the picture.  As with other theatrical digital formats, the analogue optical soundtrack is retained, and in case of failure of the digital sound, the projector can revert to the optical soundtrack.

This image, below, from Kill Bill (Tarentino, 2003), shows the 4 modern soundtracks.  The left side of the film shows two digital tracks, Sony’s blue SDDS on the outer edge of the perforations, Dolby’s black digital information between the perforations, and to the right of the perforations, the two white lines of analogue optical soundtrack (variable area), and the DTS optical timecode (white vertical dashes to the immediate left of the image), which is used to keep the CD in synch with the picture.

I discovered today, while working with the Burr Collection, that sound on disc found its way to the home movie market as late as 1966.  The 8mm film pictured below, perhaps not surprisingly, is a compilation film from the 1920s/1930s when cinema’s comedians were coming out of a career in vaudeville.

8mm sound on disc

The record provided with this film could be played on standard record player, but it is a flexi-disc, the cheapest of disc recordings.  This type of record could also be found in magazines as an advertisement or free song.

Last month the HFA’s Conservation Center staff attended the annual Summer Symposium at Northeast Historic Film in Bucksport, ME.  The theme of this year’s symposium was Ways of Watching.

Papers were delivered on topics as diverse as watching and interpreting the home movies of strangers, presenting films at a department store in the early days of cinema, and viewing films in classrooms.

This was a great opportunity for the HFA to present some films from the Howard E. Burr Collection.  We realized that, although the scholars and archivists at the symposium were very interested in watching films, some may not have ever seen a film projected, as many researchers access film through digital or video copies of the actual film.  Most had probably not watched films at the home of a collector, and many had probably not seen the films I chose to project for them.

We decided to set up a screening night that would roughly represent a typical screening night in the home of a film collector.  We didn’t want the screening to take place at the same venue as the symposium, which was held in NHF’s movie theatre, because the nature of the event demanded a more intimate atmosphere.  A local participant in the symposium generously volunteered to host the screening at her home, which was perfect.

Not all collectors present their screenings in the same way, but there tends to be a common  wish to “put on a show,” frequently aping the habits of the cinema during Hollywood’s Golden Age.   Rare is the screening of only one title.  “Doc” Burr’s daughter described screening nights at his home, which represent the habits of many others: “He was big on showing newsreels, a travelogue, previews of coming attractions, or cartoons (sometimes one of each!) preceding the feature.”  For the NHF screening night we attempted a similar program (although far shorter).

We presented film on 3 small gauge formats common to the US home cinema market: 16mm, 8mm, and super 8. First, an 8mm reduction print of a silent Mack Sennett comedy, The Campus Carmen (1928).  Next up, New England Holiday!, a 16mm short, silent travelogue from the 1940s about vacationing in New England.  In keeping with tradition, we moved to a cartoon, Farmer Gray in English Channel Swim (1925), shown in 16mm.  The “feature” finale was a super 8 condensed reduction print of Taxi Driver (1976), with mag sound.

It was not unusual for studios to release condensed versions of features for the home market.  Most common are the 8mm or super 8 silent versions that take a feature film and reduce it to its best 5 minutes, using inter-titles to explain the story.

This version of Taxi Driver was a little different.  The tale was cut down to the story of Travis, the pimp, and Iris (the teenage prostitute).  A narrator is employed to describe some gaps in the story.  “Travis Bickle has decided to take revenge against the pimp.”  The original sound from the film is retained.  “You lookin’ at me?”  Using only the scenes of sex and violence, the film is reduced to an exploitation version of itself.

The screening was a perfect coda to the symposium.  Everyone welcomed the opportunity to sit and watch films projected from a few feet behind them, the unfamiliar noise of the projector becoming part of the show.  People who were not familiar with these “home versions” of feature films were fascinated by them.  The woman who had not seen Taxi Driver had her fears confirmed, but has lived to tell the tale.

Upon returning home, we discovered quite a number of these super 8 sound condensed films, and hope to put a screening together for the public.  Keep an eye on our calender for details.

This is the 9.5mm Pathé Baby projector and film (reduction prints).

9.5mm, a safety stock (not flammable) developed for home use, was invented in France in 1922, pre-dating the familiar 16mm gauge by one year.   Previously, Pathé had offered a safety stock on 28mm, which proved too expensive to see widespread use.  9.5mm took off, becoming extremely popular in Europe where it is still used to this day by amateur filmmakers.  9.5mm was sold in the USA as well, but 16mm proved to be more commonly used by North Americans, which is why many of us have never heard of 9.5mm film.

As you can see in this image, the 9.5mm gauge features a perforation between the frames instead of along the side (which is the standard for all other film gauges used today).  This affords greater real estate for the image, as leaving space along the edge for the perforation is not necessary.  This narrow film has the image area almost as big as 16mm.

9.5mm was an early amateur film stock, used by people to make home movies.  Pathé initially included instructions and equipment for developing the film at home as well, but difficulty in achieving consistent results led most people to send it away for processing.

The glassed-in circle at the bottom of the projector is an enclosed film take-up area.  The projector can play two sizes of film cartridges, lengths of 8.5 meters or 20 meters.

The films in this box are reduction prints of  French, English, and American condensed films, sold in France.   The projector features a mechanism which stops the film for a few seconds when it is signaled to do so by a notch on the edge of the film.  This was employed for commercial films, freezing the film on a title card, saving precious film stock for moving image instead of using it up making longer title cards.

For more information on 9.5mm and the long history of home movie technology, see Alan Kattelle’s exhaustive book on the subject, Home Movies (Nashua: Transition Publishing, 2000.)

Film Fun Magazine

The Howard E. Burr Collection contains not only film, equipment, lobby cards and posters, but also a variety of movie magazines.

Collector “Doc” Burr built up large holdings in Photoplay, a classic of film fandom, and he was, of course, a serious collector of film collector catalogs such as The Big Reel, Blackhawk, and other lesser known publications aimed at the amateur film collector.

His legacy of fan magazines is less than complete, with few titles demonstrating any kind of serious attention; taken as a whole, it’s fascinating. Over 50 titles are represented, dating from the 1920-1980s, the majority dating from the 1960s & 70s.

The magazine titles are often similar; sometimes their names have changed a bit with the addition of TV reporting. Some titles existed for decades, some for only a year or two. Titles containing Movie or Screen were particularly popular, as evidenced by this lists from the collection: Movie, Movie Life, Movie Mirror, Movie Stars, Movie TV Secrets, Movie World, Movieland , Movieland and TV Time, Screen, Screen Album, Screen Hits, Screen Life, Screen Mirror, Screen Stars, Screen Stories, Screenland, Screenplay, Photo Screen, Silver Screen, Modern Screen, TV & Screen World.

Fan Magazines Featuring Elizabeth Taylor

The attention paid to Liz Taylor and Jackie Kennedy Onassis (her lack of movie star status didn’t stop her from making the cover of countless issues) is stunning. The gossip, the scandals and the advertising all add up to capture the spirit of fandom in a unique way. Fascinating time capsules, the magazines feature advertisements advising women to put on weight. The most serious star scandals involve affairs not sanctioned by marriage, and the “male nudity craze” makes front page news.

Elizabeth Taylor on the cover of Movie World magazine