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\u738b\u519b<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n<\/span><\/p>\n

*606<\/span> \u4e00\u3001\u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u524d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


\n2.1\u00a0 \u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u7279\u522b\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5e76\u65e0\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u6cd5\u89c4\uff1b[24]1990\u5e74\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u201c\u57ce\u9547\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8ba9\u548c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\uff081990\uff09\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u672a\u6309\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u671f\u9650\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5229\u7528\u571f\u5730\u7684\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u4e0d\u5f97\u8f6c\u8ba9\u3002\u201d[25]1995\u5e74\u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u5c06\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\u7279\u522b\u8981\u4ef6\u6309\u51fa\u8ba9\u53d6\u5f97\u548c\u5212\u62e8\u53d6\u5f97\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e88\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002[26]\u5ba1\u5224\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5224\u5b9a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8005\u5747\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\u3002[27]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002[28]\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u5747\u89c4\u5b9a\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u987b\u8ba2\u7acb\u4e66\u9762\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u201c\u6309\u7167\u89c4\u5b9a\u529e\u7406\u8fc7\u6237\u767b\u8bb0\u201d\u3002[29]\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u6c11\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u81f4\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u6743\u5c5e\u767b\u8bb0\u548c\u5408\u540c\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002[30]\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u65e0\u4e66\u9762\u5408\u540c\u6216\u8005\u672a\u7ecf\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u548c\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u4ece\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u5408\u6cd5\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5408\u6cd5\u201c\u56db\u8981\u00a0*610<\/span> \u4ef6\u201d\u5bf9\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5404\u7c7b\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u3001\u90e8\u95e8\u89c4\u7ae0\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u89c4\u7ae0\u5bf9\u5408\u540c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u6807\u7684\u3001\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5408\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b49\u591a\u6709\u7e41\u7410\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u800c\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u53c8\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u63a5\u7eb3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u89c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u590d\u6742\u800c\u591a\u53d8\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\uff1b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6781\u5176\u5bbd\u6cdb\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u614e\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u72af\u7981\u4ee4\u800c\u5f52\u4e8e\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u5408\u540c\u7684\u6613\u4e8e\u65e0\u6548\u6700\u7ec8\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u9006\u5411\u6fc0\u52b1\uff1a\u4e3b\u5f20\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\u6210\u4e86\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u9996\u9009\u7684\u800c\u4e14\u8fd0\u7528\u5a34\u719f\u7684\u4e8b\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u4ea4\u6613\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4fe1\u5b88\u5408\u540c\u4ee5\u6c42\u5171\u8d62\u53cd\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6b21\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\u3002[31]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u7684\u8f6c\u8ba9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9762\u4e34\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u6210\u672c\u548c\u5408\u540c\u6781\u6613\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u987b\u627f\u62c5\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u3001\u571f\u5730\u589e\u503c\u7a0e\u3001\u5370\u82b1\u7a0e\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u7ef4\u62a4\u5efa\u8bbe\u7a0e\u7b49\u7a0e\u8d39\u3002[32]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5c3d\u529b\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u7b7e\u8ba2\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u95f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u73b0\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u8ba9\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u800c\u662f\u8f6c\u8ba9\u6301\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u6743\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u4e0e\u4ed6\u65b9\u5408\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u8425\u5229\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5148\u7b7e\u8ba2\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5f85\u5230\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5df2\u8fbe\u5230\u6cd5\u89c4\u8981\u6c42\u65f6\u518d\u529e\u7406\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8fc7\u6237\u767b\u8bb0\u624b\u7eed\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u8282\u7701\u4e86\u7a0e\u8d39\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7e41\u7410\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002[33]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u770b\uff0c\u6cd5\u89c4\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u5236\u7ea6\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7591\u95ee\uff1a\u5728\u6cd5\u89c4\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u4ea4\u6613\u4e25\u52a0\u7ba1\u63a7\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\u3001\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u5408\u540c\u4e0d\u591f\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u4e1c\u3001\u6d77\u5357\u7b49\u5357\u90e8\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\uff09\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ecd\u7136\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002[34]<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2\u00a0 \u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u201c\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f1992\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u201c\u5341\u56db\u5927\u201d\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u4f53\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u548c\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u672a\u52a0\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u5f85\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u7684\u00a0*611<\/span> \u53f8\u6cd5\u653f\u7b56\u76f8\u6bd41980\u5e74\u4ee3\u6709\u4e86\u201c\u4eb2\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1a\u7531\u5168\u529b\u6253\u51fb\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\u9010\u6e10\u5411\u9f13\u52b1\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1993\u5e74\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5ba1\u5224\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u7eaa\u8981\u201d\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u589e\u5f3a\u201c\u5408\u540c\u89c2\u5ff5\u201d\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u5bf9\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8d85\u8303\u56f4\u7ecf\u8425\u3001\u8fdd\u53cd\u7ecf\u8425\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e13\u8425\u3001\u4e13\u5356\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7981\u6b62\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u6807\u7684\u7269\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u201d\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4e0d\u786e\u8ba4\u65e0\u6548\u3002[35]<\/span><\/p>\n

1995\u5e74\u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u4ee5\u51fa\u8ba9\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u65f6\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u5e94\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u5df2\u652f\u4ed8\u5168\u90e8\u571f\u5730\u51fa\u8ba9\u91d1\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8bc1\u4e66\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\uff0c\u5df2\u6309\u7167\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u8981\u6c42\u662f\uff1a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u623f\u5c4b\u5efa\u8bbe\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u5f00\u53d1\u6295\u8d44\u603b\u989d\u768425%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff1b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6210\u7247\u5f00\u53d1\u571f\u5730\u7684\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5de5\u4e1a\u7528\u5730\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u5730\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u3002[36]\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u524d\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u201c\u57ce\u9547\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8ba9\u548c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\uff081990\uff09\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\uff1a\u201c\u672a\u6309\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u671f\u9650\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5229\u7528\u571f\u5730\u7684\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u4e0d\u5f97\u8f6c\u8ba9\u201d\u3002[37]\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e24\u90e8\u6cd5\u89c4\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89e3\u91ca\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6761\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u201d\u7a76\u7adf\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8ba2\u7acb\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8f6c\u79fb\u7269\u6743\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5386\u6765\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u201d\u662f\u6307\u8ba2\u7acb\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6cd5\u89c4\u5bf9\u201c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u201d\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5404\u9879\u6761\u4ef6\u5747\u5c5e\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5ba1\u7406\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u524d\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u7ecf\u8425\u6848\u4ef6\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\uff08\u6cd5\u53d1[1996]\u7b2c2\u53f7\uff09\u201d\u53c8\u8bd5\u56fe\u8f6f\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8981\u4ef6\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u5728\u5408\u540c\u8ba2\u7acb\u65f6\u65e0\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u5ba1\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7ec8\u7ed3\u524d\u53d6\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u7684\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u6709\u6548\uff1b[38]\uff082\uff09\u201c\u7ecf\u6709\u5173\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u8ba4\u53ef\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u672a\u6309\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u8f6c\u8ba9\uff1b[39]\uff083\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u5ba1\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7ec8\u7ed3\u524d\u8865\u529e\u6279\u51c6\u624b\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u64c5\u81ea\u6539\u53d8\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u571f\u5730\u7528\u9014\u7684\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u4e5f\u53ef\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u3002[40]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u767b\u8bb0\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\u5747\u65e0\u00a0*612<\/span> \u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002[41]\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u4ee5\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u8d2f\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u201c\u6cd5\u53d1[1996]\u7b2c2\u53f7\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u540e\uff0c\u62d6\u5ef6\u529e\u7406\u767b\u8bb0\u53d8\u66f4\u624b\u7eed\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u672a\u529e\u7406\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u624b\u7eed\u4e3a\u7531\u4e3b\u5f20\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5e94\u8d23\u4ee4\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4f9d\u6cd5\u529e\u7406\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u624b\u7eed\u3002[42]\u4f46\u201c\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u6587\u53c8\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u4ecd\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002[43]\u800c\u4e14\u201c\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\u7279\u522b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u5c31\u540c\u4e00\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51e0\u65b9\u7b7e\u8ba2\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5747\u672a\u529e\u7406\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u624b\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5e94\u5f53\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5404\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\u3002[44]\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u524d\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u653e\u677e\u8ff9\u8c61\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u4ee5\u6765<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3.1\u00a0 \u5408\u540c\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1999\u5e743\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e5d\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u6279\u51c6\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ece\u8d77\u8349\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u516d\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\uff1a\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u201d\u7684\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5408\u540c\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5ba0\u513f\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u8d4b\u4e88\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u4e0d\u662f\u5343\u65b9\u767e\u8ba1\u6d88\u706d\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u4eba\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u5408\u540c\u4ece\u4e8b\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u548c\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ecd\u8981\u6c42\u5408\u540c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u987b\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u6c11\u4e8b\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c[45]\u4f46\u9650\u5236\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u4eba\u8ba2\u7acb\u7684\u5408\u540c\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\u800c\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6548\u529b\u672a\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\uff1b[46]\uff082\uff09\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\u771f\u5b9e\u8fd8\u662f\u5408\u540c\u751f\u00a0*613<\/span> \u6548\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c[47]\u4f46\u4ee5\u6b3a\u8bc8\u3001\u80c1\u8feb\u3001\u4e58\u4eba\u4e4b\u5371\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4f7f\u5bf9\u65b9\u8fdd\u80cc\u771f\u5b9e\u610f\u601d\u800c\u8ba2\u7acb\u5408\u540c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u64a4\u9500\u3001\u53ef\u53d8\u66f4\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u53d7\u635f\u5bb3\u65b9\u6709\u6743\u8bf7\u6c42\u6cd5\u9662\u6216\u4ef2\u88c1\u673a\u6784\u53d8\u66f4\u6216\u64a4\u9500\u5408\u540c\uff0c[48]\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4ee5\u6b3a\u8bc8\u3001\u80c1\u8feb\u624b\u6bb5\u8ba2\u7acb\u5408\u540c\u635f\u5bb3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u624d\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\uff1b[49]\uff083\uff09\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u9650\u7f29\u4e86\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5224\u5b9a\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\u201d\uff0c[50]\u4ece\u800c\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\u5224\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u201c\u8fdd\u6cd5\u201d\uff08\u56e0\u800c\u65e0\u6548\uff09\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u5728\u5408\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u4e5f\u653e\u5bbd\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u4e66\u9762\u3001\u53e3\u5934\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u5747\u5c5e\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c[51]\u5408\u540c\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u548c\u767b\u8bb0\u7b49\u624b\u7eed\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5408\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u89c4\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u529e\u7406\u6279\u51c6\u548c\u767b\u8bb0\u7b49\u624b\u7eed\u540e\u751f\u6548\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u624b\u7eed\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u7684\u7279\u522b\u8981\u4ef6\u3002[52]<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2\u00a0 \u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u3002[53]\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u7b2c10\u6761\u5c061993\u5e74\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5ba1\u5224\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u7eaa\u8981\u201d\u4ee5\u6765\u5f31\u5316\u7ecf\u8425\u8303\u56f4\u9650\u5236\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u653f\u7b56\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u660e\u786e\u5316\uff1a\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u8d85\u8d8a\u7ecf\u8425\u8303\u56f4\u8ba2\u7acb\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u4f46\u89e3\u91ca\u4e5f\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u5236\u7559\u6709\u4f59\u5730\uff1a\u8d85\u8d8a\u7ecf\u8425\u8303\u56f4\u8ba2\u7acb\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fdd\u53cd\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9650\u5236\u7ecf\u8425\u3001\u7279\u8bb8\u7ecf\u8425\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u7981\u6b62\u7ecf\u8425\u89c4\u5b9a\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u901a\u8fc7\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u548c\u767b\u8bb0\u624b\u7eed\u800c\u754c\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6548\u529b\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u89c4\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u5e94\u5f53\u529e\u7406\u6279\u51c6\u624b\u7eed\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u529e\u7406\u6279\u51c6\u3001\u767b\u8bb0\u7b49\u624b\u7eed\u624d\u751f\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u6279\u51c6\u3001\u767b\u8bb0\u624b\u7eed\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5ead\u8fa9\u8bba\u7ec8\u7ed3\u524d\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4ecd\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u8be5\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5e94\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u201c\u672a\u751f\u6548\u201d\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u672a\u89c4\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u4e8e\u767b\u8bb0\u540e\u751f\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u672a\u529e\u7406\u767b\u8bb0\u624b\u7eed\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5408\u540c\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5408\u540c\u6807\u7684\u00a0*614<\/span> \u7269\u6240\u6709\u6743\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u6743\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002[54]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5408\u540c\u672a\u751f\u6548\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u201c\u672a\u751f\u6548\u5408\u540c\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u201c\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u8fd8\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8865\u529e\u624b\u7eed\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u3002\u201c\u672a\u751f\u6548\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u201c\u6709\u6548\u5408\u540c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\u201d\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u5408\u540c\u6709\u4e86\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u201c\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u201c\u6cd5\u53d1[1996]\u7b2c2\u53f7\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u672a\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u7269\u6743\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u7269\u6743\u767b\u8bb0\u4e0d\u662f\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u800c\u662f\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u7269\u6743\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3.3\u00a0 \u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3001\u6279\u590d\u548c\u201c\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u653e\u677e\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u884c\u6cd5\u89c4\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u9650\u5236\uff08\u5982\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u6761\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6bd4\u8f83\u53d1\u8fbe\u3001\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\uff0c\u5176\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u4e3b\u5f20\u653e\u5bbd\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\uff1a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ea\u9700\u7b26\u5408\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u6761\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u5373\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u3002[55]<\/span><\/p>\n

2002\u5e74\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5f00\u59cb\u8d77\u8349\u6709\u5173\u5ba1\u7406\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u5408\u540c\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u201c\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u3002[56]\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u540c\u6837\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u907f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8f6c\u8ba9\u6761\u4ef6\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5408\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5177\u5907\u7b2c38\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8d77\u8bc9\u524d\u7b26\u5408\u8f6c\u8ba9\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u6709\u6548\uff1b\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u89c4\u8303\u571f\u5730\u4ea4\u6613\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6295\u673a\u7092\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u7cbe\u795e\u3002[57]\u53cd\u6620\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u662f2003\u5e746\u67089\u65e5\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u5e7f\u897f\u58ee\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6279\u590d\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u65e8\u662f\uff0c\u672a\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5404\u9879\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\u3002[58]<\/span><\/p>\n

*615 <\/span>\u76f8\u53cd\u89c2\u70b9\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6216\u767b\u8bb0\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u62df\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\u6807\u7684\u7269\u662f\u5426\u8fbe\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u5b8c\u6210\u8f6c\u8ba9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u662f\u5408\u540c\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5408\u540c\u6548\u529b\uff1b\u201c\u7092\u5730\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u5e94\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\u6807\u7684\u7269\u6709\u7455\u75b5\u800c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u8f6c\u8ba9\u4eba\u5728\u8ba2\u7acb\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u65f6\u5c1a\u672a\u53d6\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u4e5f\u975e\u5f53\u7136\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u6309\u65e0\u6743\u5904\u5206\u884c\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u3002[59]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e89\u8bba\u76f4\u81f3\u6cd5\u91ca[2005]5\u53f7\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u53d1\u5e03\u4e5f\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c[60]\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u6e10\u6210\u4e3b\u5bfc\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u57282004\u5e748\u670831\u65e5\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u4ea4\u7eb3\u571f\u5730\u51fa\u8ba9\u91d1\u662f\u201c\u571f\u5730\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u201d\u7684\u5c65\u884c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u6548\u529b\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff1b\u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u6761\u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65f6\u6295\u8d44\u5e94\u8fbe\u5230\u5f00\u53d1\u6295\u8d44\u603b\u989d25\uff05\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u662f\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u6807\u7684\u7269\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8e\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u65f6\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\u571f\u5730\u672a\u8fbe\u523025\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5c5e\u5408\u540c\u6807\u7684\u7269\u7684\u7455\u75b5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u516b\u6761\u4e2d\u7684\u8be5\u9879\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba4\u5b9a\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u6548\u529b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\u201d\u3002[61]\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u8fd0\u7528\u533a\u5206\u6280\u672f\u9650\u7f29\u4e86\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u6761\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u201c\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u6548\u529b\u4e92\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u201c\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u53ea\u662f\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\u800c\u975e\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u8fd8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6279\u590d\u201d\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u571f\u5730\u53d7\u8ba9\u4eba\u867d\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u4ea4\u7eb3\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8ba9\u91d1\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u201d\u3002[62]<\/span><\/p>\n

2005\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u516c\u5e03\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5ba1\u7406\u6d89\u53ca\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u5408\u540c\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\u4ef6\u9002\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\uff08\u6cd5\u91ca[2005]5\u53f7\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e86\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u653e\u5bbd\u9650\u5236\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u201c\u6cd5\u91ca[2005]5\u53f7\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u6743\u5c5e\u767b\u8bb0\u662f\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u91cd\u7533\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u672a\u529e\u7406\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u800c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\u3002[63]\u53e6\u00a0*616 <\/span>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e86\u201c\u6cd5\u53d1[1996]2\u53f7\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\u7b2c14\u6761\u5173\u4e8e\u672a\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u5730\u591a\u5356\u201d\u5408\u540c\u5747\u5c5e\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c[64]\u627f\u8ba4\u591a\u4e2a\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u5747\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u53d7\u8ba9\u65b9\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5360\u6709\u6216\u4ed8\u6b3e\u60c5\u51b5\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7406\u3002[65]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u6761\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u201c\u6cd5\u91ca[2005]5\u53f7\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u53ea\u63d0\u51fa\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u62e5\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u662f\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c[66]\u800c\u672a\u63d0\u53ca\u4ea4\u7eb3\u5168\u90e8\u51fa\u8ba9\u91d1\u548c\u6309\u7167\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u3002[67]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u672a\u7ecf\u6279\u51c6\u5373\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5212\u62e8\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u201c\u6cd5\u91ca[2005]5\u53f7\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u5f53\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u8d77\u8bc9\u524d\u7ecf\u6709\u6279\u51c6\u6743\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u6279\u51c6\u529e\u7406\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8ba9\u624b\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u6709\u6548\u3002[68]\u8d77\u8bc9\u524d\u8865\u529e\u201c\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8ba9\u624b\u7eed\u201d\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u7531\u201c\u5212\u62e8\u5730\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u51fa\u8ba9\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u5168\u5177\u5907\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u6761\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u540c\u6837\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u201c\u6c89\u9ed8\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2a\u6848\u5224\u51b3\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5e76\u4e0d\u5ba1\u67e5\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u4ea4\u7eb3\u5168\u90e8\u51fa\u8ba9\u91d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u6309\u7167\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ee5\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u5728\u8d77\u8bc9\u524d\u53d6\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8bc1\u4e66\u6216\u5f81\u5f97\u6709\u6279\u51c6\u6743\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u610f\u8f6c\u8ba9\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u8981\u4ef6\u3002[69]<\/span><\/p>\n

*617<\/span> 3.4\u00a0 \u7269\u6743\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2007\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u5341\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u6279\u51c6\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u6743\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u81ea2007\u5e7410\u67081\u65e5\u8d77\u65bd\u884c\u3002\u5728\u7269\u6743\u6cd5\u7b2c3\u7f16\uff0c\u539f\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u4ee5\u201c\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u540d\u79f0\u88ab\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7528\u76ca\u7269\u6743\u201d\u3002[70]\u5173\u4e8e\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u7684\u8f6c\u8ba9\uff0c\u7269\u6743\u6cd5\u5e76\u672a\u505a\u51fa\u4e0e\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\uff081995\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6743\u5c5e\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u7269\u6743\u6cd5\u51e0\u4e4e\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0e\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u3001\u4e92\u6362\u3001\u51fa\u8d44\u6216\u8005\u8d60\u4e0e\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5411\u767b\u8bb0\u673a\u6784\u7533\u8bf7\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u201d\u3002[71]\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7269\u6743\u6cd5\u7b2c15\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u3001\u53d8\u66f4\u3001\u8f6c\u8ba9\u548c\u6d88\u706d\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u7269\u6743\u7684\u5408\u540c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u7269\u6743\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53e6\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u6216\u5408\u540c\u53e6\u6709\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6cd5\u91ca[2005]5\u53f7\u89e3\u91ca\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u571f\u5730\u6743\u5c5e\u767b\u8bb0\u4e0d\u662f\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u524d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u571f\u5730\u6743\u5c5e\u767b\u8bb0\u662f\u201c\u5408\u540c\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u5230\u6cd5\u91ca[2005]5\u53f7\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u503a\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u5408\u540c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f9d\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u6743\u5c5e\u767b\u8bb0\u662f\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5c65\u884c\u5408\u540c\u4e49\u52a1\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u79fb\u7269\u6743\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u5408\u540c\u4e0d\u5c65\u884c\u800c\u53cd\u63a8\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\uff1b[72]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u5e94\u4e3a\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0e\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u6548\u529b\u65e0\u5173\u3002[73]\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u5206\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u53c8\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u6761\u7684\u9650\u7f29\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u201c\u6309\u7167\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u4e4b\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4e8e\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u81f3\u4eca\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u62e5\u6709\u5904\u5206\u6743\u662f\u7269\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u65e0\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8bc1\u4e66\u800c\u8ba2\u7acb\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u65e0\u6743\u5904\u5206\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u6548\u529b\u672a\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

*618<\/span> 4.1\u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u6743\u5c5e\u767b\u8bb0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u6743\u5c5e\u767b\u8bb0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u524d\uff0c\u767b\u8bb0\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u662f\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b\u5728\u6cd5\u53d1[1996]2\u53f7\u89e3\u7b54\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u53d1\u751f\u52a8\u6447\uff1b\u6cd5\u91ca[2005]5\u53f7\u89e3\u91ca\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u767b\u8bb0\u662f\u201c\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5c65\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u201c\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7406\u8bba\u8f6c\u53d8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e09\u70b9\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6211\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u6743\u5c5e\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u662f\u5bf9\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5c65\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6548\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u6b64\u79cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u533a\u5206\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u548c\u5408\u540c\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u800c\u975e\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u3002[74]\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ece\u7b7e\u8ba2\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u5230\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c65\u884c\u5408\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u548c\u53d7\u8ba9\u65b9\u652f\u4ed8\u4ef7\u6b3e\u5747\u662f\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u4e92\u76f8\u5236\u7ea6\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u8981\u6c42\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u5728\u8ba2\u7acb\u5408\u540c\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u800c\u53d7\u8ba9\u65b9\u5374\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7acb\u5373\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u5408\u60ef\u4f8b\u548c\u5e38\u7406\u800c\u4e14\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u5408\u540c\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5e73\u8861\u3002[75]\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u6291\u5236\u80cc\u4fe1\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u662f\u5408\u540c\u5c65\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ee5\u672a\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\uff08\u5373\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fdd\u7ea6\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u4e3a\u7531\u4e3b\u5f20\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8bda\u4fe1\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e3b\u5f20\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u9f13\u52b1\u80cc\u4fe1\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u3002[76]<\/span><\/p>\n

4.2\u00a0\u5173\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u201c\u8bbe\u7acb\u503a\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u5408\u540c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u867d\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u533a\u5206\u201c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u503a\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u5408\u540c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e14\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\uff1b\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u201c\u7269\u6743\u5408\u610f\uff08\u6216\u7269\u6743\u5408\u540c\uff09\u201d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7269\u6743\u767b\u8bb0\u662f\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u5c65\u884c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u610f\u6216\u5408\u540c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u8981\u8f6c\u79fb\u7269\u6743\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u201c\u7269\u6743\u5408\u610f\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c[77]\u6211\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e5f\u672a\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u53d8\u66f4\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u767b\u8bb0\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd8\u9700\u00a0*619<\/span> \u8981\u5728\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u4e4b\u5916\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7269\u6743\u5408\u610f\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u533a\u5206\u201c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u503a\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u5408\u540c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u201d\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u533a\u5206\u201c\u8d1f\u62c5\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5904\u5206\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u5e76\u65e0\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002[78]\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c2\u70b9\uff08\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u503a\u6743\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff09\u3002[79]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u672a\u7ecf\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u6548\u529b\u56fa\u7136\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u4ea6\u65e0\u4e0d\u5c65\u884c\u8be5\u5408\u540c\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u540e\uff0c\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u662f\u5c65\u7ea6\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u53cc\u65b9\u518d\u4f5c\u4e00\u81f4\u4e4b\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\uff08\u7269\u6743\u5408\u610f\uff09\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u62d2\u4e0d\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u6784\u6210\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff0c\u53d7\u8ba9\u65b9\u6709\u6743\u8981\u6c42\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u5b8c\u6210\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u4ee5\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u5c65\u884c\u201d\u5408\u540c\u3002[80]\u8fd9\u662f\u89c6\u6743\u5c5e\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5c65\u7ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u65e0\u987b\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u53e6\u6709\u201c\u7269\u6743\u5408\u610f\u201d\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.3\u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u5904\u5206\u6743<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u62e5\u6709\u5904\u5206\u6743\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u533a\u5206\u201c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u503a\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u5408\u540c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u3002\u5728\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u62e5\u6709\u8f6c\u8ba9\u6807\u7684\u5904\u5206\u6743\u53ea\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5b9a\u503a\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u5408\u540c\u5e76\u65e0\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6309\u7167\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u80fd\u5426\u62e5\u6709\u5904\u5206\u6743\u8fdb\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u7269\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5408\u540c\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u5c65\u884c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5185\u90e8\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e0\u5904\u5206\u6743\u800c\u8ba2\u7acb\u7684\u5408\u540c\u5e94\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c51\u6761\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u7f29\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u5373\u8be5\u6761\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5904\u5206\u201d\u5e94\u4ec5\u6307\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u79fb\u7269\u6743\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u201c\u5904\u5206\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff09\u800c\u975e\u8bbe\u5b9a\u503a\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u5408\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u201c\u8d1f\u62c5\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u5728\u5904\u5206\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u7269\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u6548\u529b\u672a\u5b9a\u3002[81]\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u663e\u9732\u3002[82]<\/span><\/p>\n

*620<\/span> \u5047\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u6761\u8fd8\u6709\u9650\u7f29\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4f59\u5730\uff1a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e5f\u662f\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u8981\u4ef6\u800c\u975e\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9650\u7f29\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u76ee\u524d\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u7b2c38\u6761\u7684\u201c\u7acb\u6cd5\u672c\u610f\u201d\u2014\u2014\u9632\u6b62\u6295\u673a\u7092\u5356\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u2014\u2014\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e0\u5904\u5206\u6743\u800c\u8ba2\u7acb\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u5386\u6765\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u4e70\u7a7a\u5356\u7a7a\u201d\u7684\u6295\u673a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002[83]\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c51\u6761\u53d1\u751f\u62b5\u89e6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong>
\n\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u7684\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u5e94\u5728\u6838\u51c6\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4ece\u4e8b\u7ecf\u8425\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c[84]\u5df2\u65bd\u884c20\u4f59\u5e74\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u672a\u53d8\u3002\u4f46\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u8be5\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5374\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u8303\u56f4\u201d\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b1993\u5e74\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5ba1\u5224\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u7eaa\u8981\u201d\u53d1\u5e03\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u57fa\u672c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c2\u70b9\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u8303\u56f4\u201d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5224\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u6548\u529b\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u6743\u5c5e\u767b\u8bb0\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5e76\u65e0\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u5404\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff09\u5728\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u767b\u8bb0\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6210\u4e86\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u81f3\u6cd5\u91ca[2005]5\u53f7\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u533a\u5206\u201c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u503a\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u5408\u540c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u6743\u5c5e\u767b\u8bb0\u4e0d\u662f\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u800c\u662f\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u5230\u7269\u6743\u6cd5\u9881\u5e03\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002[85]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b49\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u201c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u201d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u201d\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u6307\u8ba2\u7acb\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8f6c\u79fb\u7269\u6743\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4ece\u672a\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e00\u76f4\u5c06\u201c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u201d\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u8ba2\u7acb\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u590d\u6742\u5316\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u51b3\u548c\u6cd5\u91ca[2005]5\u53f7\u00a0*621<\/span> \u89e3\u91ca\u7b80\u5316\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u5728\u7f13\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u5236\u9020\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u81ea1987\u5e74\u81f32007\u5e74\u768420\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e8b\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u7684\u53d8\u9769\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f1999\u5e74\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7684\u65bd\u884c\uff09\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u53ca\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u300220\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u8981\u4ef6\u7531\u7e41\u5c31\u7b80\u3001\u7531\u7d27\u81f3\u677e\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9010\u6e10\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u6216\u6559\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4ecd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6b67\u65f6\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e89\u8fa9\u7eb3\u5165\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5316\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5982\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5408\u8bae\u5236\u3001\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u8bf4\u7406\u3001\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u663e\u793a\u5f02\u8bae\u610f\u89c1\u7b49\uff09\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1\uff0e\u963f\u8fea\u4e9a\uff0c\u300a\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u8d75\u65ed\u4e1c\u3001\u4f55\u5e05\u9886\u3001\u9093\u6653\u971e\u8bd1\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2\uff0e\u6ce2\u65af\u7eb3\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u848b\u5146\u5eb7\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1997\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3\uff0e\u9648\u534e\u6770\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ea0\u7eb7\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u8bc4\u8ff0\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4\uff0e\u9648\u4fe1\u52c7\uff0c\u300a\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1995\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

5\uff0e\u9648\u66e6\uff0c\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u6548\u529b\u6d45\u6790\uff0c\u300a\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e0e\u54a8\u8be2\u300b2006\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

6\uff0e\u9648\u6587\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u7ecf\u8425\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u52a1\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

7\uff0e\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u9648\u536b\u4f50\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

8\uff0e\u4f55\u6e05\u6d9f\uff0c\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u9677\u9631\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

9\uff0e\u97e9\u5ef6\u658c\uff0c\u300a\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8ba9\u3001\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\u4ef6\u9002\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u300b\u4fee\u6539\u610f\u89c1\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u62a5\u300b2004\u5e746\u670829\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

10\uff0e\u738b\u5bb6\u798f\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u2022\u6c11\u6cd5\u503a\u6743\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e1991\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

11\uff0e\u5b8b\u9c7c\u6c34\uff0c\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u53f8\u6cd5\u300b1999\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

12\uff0e\u738b\u536b\u56fd\uff0c\u8bba\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b1995\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

13\uff0e\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\uff0c\u300a\u7269\u6743\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5434\u8d8a\u3001\u674e\u5927\u96ea\u8bd1\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

14\uff0e\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u5ba1\u7406\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\u4ef6\u9002\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\uff09\u7b2c3\u30014\u30015\u6761\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u62a5\u300b2003\u670811\u670820\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

15\uff0e\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u5408\u540c\u7ea0\u7eb7\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u9002\u7528\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

16\uff0e\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u300a\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u4e8c\u5ba1\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u89e3\u6790\u300b\u7b2c5\u96c6\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

17\uff0e\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e8c\u5ead\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u6c11\u5546\u4e8b\u5ba1\u5224\u6307\u5bfc\u300b2006\u5e74\u7b2c1\u8f91\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

18\uff0e\u90d1\u534e\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

19\uff0e\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u516c\u62a5\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

——————————————————————————–<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] \u5baa\u6cd5\uff081982\uff09\u7b2c10\u6761\u7b2c1\u30012\u6b3e\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u5747\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] \u5baa\u6cd5\uff081982\uff09\u7b2c6\u6761\u7b2c1\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] \u5baa\u6cd5\uff081988\uff09\u7b2c10\u6761\u7b2c4\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u4fb5\u5360\u3001\u4e70\u5356\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u975e\u6cd5\u8f6c\u8ba9\u571f\u5730\u3002\u201d\u571f\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\uff081986\uff09\u7b2c2\u6761\u7b2c3\u6b3e\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] \u5baa\u6cd5\uff081988\uff09\u7b2c10\u6761\u7b2c4\u6b3e\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c2\u6761\u7b2c3\u6b3e\u3001\u7b2c9\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] \u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\uff081995\uff09\u7b2c7\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] \u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\uff081995\uff09\u7b2c14\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[7] \u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\uff081995\uff09\u7b2c22\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[8] \u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\uff081995\uff09\u7b2c36\uff0d45\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[9] \u6ce2\u65af\u7eb3\u8457\uff0c\u848b\u5146\u5eb7\u8bd1\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1997\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c41\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[10] \u963f\u8fea\u4e9a\u8457\uff0c\u8d75\u65ed\u4e1c\u3001\u4f55\u5e05\u9886\u3001\u9093\u6653\u971e\u8bd1\uff0c\u300a\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c7\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[11] \u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u7b2c55\u6761\u7b2c1\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[12] \u53c2\u89c1\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u7b2c11\uff0d14\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[13] \u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u7b2c42\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u5e94\u5728\u6838\u51c6\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4ece\u4e8b\u7ecf\u8425\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[14] \u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u5ba1\u7406\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u9002\u7528\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\uff081987\u5e747\u6708\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c2000\u5e747\u6708\u5e9f\u6b62\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u7ecf\u8425\u8303\u56f4\u6216\u8fdd\u53cd\u7ecf\u8425\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u5408\u540c\u5e94\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u975e\u6cd5\u7ecf\u8425\u91cd\u8981\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u7d27\u4fcf\u8010\u7528\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u7684\uff1b\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u7ecf\u8425\u6279\u53d1\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\uff1b\u4ee3\u9500\u5546\u641e\u7ecf\u9500\u7684\uff1b\u53ea\u51c6\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u533a\u5185\u9500\u552e\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u6279\u51c6\u79c1\u81ea\u6d41\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u5e94\u6309\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5168\u90e8\u4e3a\u8d85\u8425\u9879\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u65e0\u6548\uff1b\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u8d85\u8425\u9879\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8d85\u8425\u90e8\u5206\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u201d\u53e6\u53c2\u89c1\u738b\u5229\u660e\u3001\u5d14\u5efa\u8fdc\uff0c\u300a\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u65b0\u8bba\u00b7\u603b\u5219\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1996\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c190\u9875\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9\u53c2\u89c1\u738b\u5bb6\u798f\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u2022\u6c11\u6cd5\u503a\u6743\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e1991\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c318\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[15] \u4f01\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u767b\u8bb0\u7ba1\u7406\u6761\u4f8b\uff081988\uff09\u7b2c15\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u4f01\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u5f00\u4e1a\u767b\u8bb0\u8005\u987b\u63d0\u4ea4\u201c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u6216\u8005\u5ba1\u6279\u673a\u5173\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u7b2c55\u6761\u7b2c2\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[17] \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c7\u6761\uff0c\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u7b2c58\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u7b2c55\u6761\u7b2c3\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[19] \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\uff081982\uff09\u7b2c7\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5408\u540c\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\uff08\u8be5\u6761\u6b3e1993\u5e74\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u8fdd\u53cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u5408\u540c\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\u201d\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u4e8e1999\u5e7410\u67081\u65e5\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u65f6\u8d77\u5e9f\u6b62\u3002\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u7b2c58\u6761\u4e5f\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fdd\u53cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6307\u4ee4\u6027\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u8d2f\u5f7b\u6267\u884c\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u201d\uff081984\u5e749\u6708\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c2000\u5e747\u6708\u5e9f\u6b62\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5404\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u5e94\u4f9d\u636e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u5ba1\u67e5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[20] \u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6d77\u6dc0\u533a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u6cd5\u5b98\u5b8b\u9c7c\u6c34\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u6548\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u7ea6\u5360\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u540c\u603b\u91cf\u768410 %\u81f315 %\u201d\u3002\u5b8b\u9c7c\u6c34\uff0c\u65e0\u6548\u5408\u540c\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u53f8\u6cd5\u300b1999\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[21] \u738b\u536b\u56fd\uff0c\u8bba\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b1995\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c16\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[22] \u738b\u5bb6\u798f\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c323\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[23] \u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[24] \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u77011987\u5e74\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u6df1\u5733\u5e02\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u9886\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8bc1\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u5df2\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u51fa\u8ba9\u91d1\u5916\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u5f00\u53d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5df2\u8fbe\u6295\u8d44\u603b\u989d\u768425\uff05\uff08\u6df1\u5733\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u533a\u571f\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u6761\u4f8b\uff081987\u5e7412\u670829\u65e5\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u4eba\u5927\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\uff09\u7b2c20\u6761\uff09\u3002\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e021987\u5e74\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u4e0d\u5f97\u8f6c\u8ba9\uff0c\u5e7f\u5dde\u3001\u676d\u5dde\u3001\u9752\u5c9b\u3001\u798f\u5dde\u3001\u53a6\u95e8\u3001\u5b81\u6ce2\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u9648\u4fe1\u52c7\uff0c\u300a\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1995\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c182\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[25] \u7b2c19\u6761\u7b2c2\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[26] \u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\uff081995\uff09\u7b2c38\u300139\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[27] \u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u5408\u540c\u7ea0\u7eb7\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u9002\u7528\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c105\u9875\uff1b\u53e6\u53c2\u89c1\u9648\u66e6\uff08\u798f\u5efa\u7701\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\uff09\uff0c\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u6548\u529b\u6d45\u6790\uff0c\u300a\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e0e\u54a8\u8be2\u300b2006\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c10\u9875\uff1b\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5224\u51b3\u53c2\u89c1\u9648\u534e\u6770\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ea0\u7eb7\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u8bc4\u8ff0\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c250\u3001193\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[28]\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u7b2c56\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[29] \u57ce\u9547\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8ba9\u548c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\uff081990\uff09\u7b2c20\u300125\u6761\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c40\u6761\u3001\u7b2c60\u6761\u7b2c3\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[30] \u738b\u5bb6\u798f\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c308\u9875\uff1b\u9648\u4fe1\u52c7\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c188\u9875\uff1b\u738b\u5229\u660e\u3001\u5d14\u5efa\u8fdc\uff0c\u300a\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u65b0\u8bba\u00b7\u603b\u5219\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1996\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c196\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[31] \u53c2\u89c1\u5b8b\u9c7c\u6c34\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u6587\u3002\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u53c2\u89c1\u9648\u66e6\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u6587\uff0c\u7b2c10\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[32] \u53c2\u89c1\u90d1\u534e\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c92\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[33] \u53c2\u89c1\u9648\u6587\uff0c\u201c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u9879\u76ee\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u9648\u6587\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u7ecf\u8425\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u52a1\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c25\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[34] \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6cd5\u89c4\u4ece\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u6267\u884c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5173\u4e8e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u4e2d\u56fd\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u4f55\u6e05\u6d9f\uff0c\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u9677\u9631\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c49\uff0d77\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[35] \u8be5\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u4e8e1993\u5e741\u67086\u65e5\u81f310\u65e5\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u5404\u7701\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u3001\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5206\u7ba1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5ba1\u5224\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u526f\u9662\u957f\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5ead\u5ead\u957f\u3001\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u519b\u4e8b\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[36] \u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\uff081995\uff09\u7b2c38\u300139\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[37] \u7b2c19\u6761\u7b2c2\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[38] \u201c\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\u7b2c7\u6761\uff1a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u8ba2\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u5e94\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8bc1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\uff1b\u4f46\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u5df2\u6309\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u671f\u9650\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5ba1\u8bc9\u8bbc\u671f\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8bc1\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[39] \u201c\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\u7b2c8\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[40] \u201c\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\u7b2c11\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[41] \u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\uff081995\uff09\u7b2c60\u6761\u7b2c3\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[42] \u201c\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\u7b2c12\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[43] \u201c\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\u7b2c7\u30018\u30019\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[44] \u201c\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\u7b2c14\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[45] \u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c9\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[46] \u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c47\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[47] \u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c3\u30014\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[48] \u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c54\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[49] \u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c52\u6761\u7b2c1\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[50] \u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c52\u6761\u7b2c5\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[51] \u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c10\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[52] \u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c44\u6761\u7b2c2\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[53] \u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u9002\u7528\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u201d\uff081999\u5e7412\u67081\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[54] \u7b2c9\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[55]\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u65bd\u884c\u540e\u8ba4\u5b9a\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u7ecf\u8425\u5408\u540c\u6548\u529b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u89c1\uff082001\u5e7410\u670830\u65e5\u7ca4\u9ad8\u6cd5\u53d1[2001]41\u53f7\uff09\u7b2c8\u6761\u3001\u7b2c9\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[56] \u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u8457\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c7\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[57] \u97e9\u5ef6\u658c\uff0c\u300a\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8ba9\u3001\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\u4ef6\u9002\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u300b\u4fee\u6539\u610f\u89c1\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u62a5\u300b2004\u5e746\u670829\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[58] \u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u672a\u6309\u89c4\u5b9a\u5b8c\u6210\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6295\u8d44\u5373\u7b7e\u8ba2\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u6548\u529b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u201d[\u6cd5\u51fd\uff082003\uff0924\u53f7]\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u603b\u989d\u768425\uff05\u5373\u7b7e\u8ba2\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u4e07\u987a\uff08\u6e56\u5357\uff09\u7f6e\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u6e56\u5357\u5f00\u5143\u7f6e\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e8b\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\uff082003\uff09\u6c11\u4e00\u7ec8\u5b57\u7b2c45\u53f7\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u8457\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c312\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[59] \u97e9\u5ef6\u658c\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[60] \u97e9\u5ef6\u658c\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[61] \u67f3\u5dde\u5e02\u5168\u5a01\u7535\u5668\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u67f3\u5dde\u8d85\u51e1\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u5357\u5b81\u6842\u99a8\u6e90\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e8b\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\uff082004\uff09\u6c11\u4e00\u7ec8\u5b57\u7b2c46\u53f7\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u8457\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c469\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[62] \u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u4ea4\u6e05\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8ba9\u91d1\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u6240\u8ba2\u7acb\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u201d\uff0c\uff082004\uff09\u6c11\u4e00\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b2c18\u53f7\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u8457\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c123\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[63] \u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u7b2c8\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[64] \u97e9\u5ef6\u658c\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u6587\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6cd5\u53d1[1996]2\u53f7\u201c\u89e3\u7b54\u201d\u7b2c14\u6761\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u503a\u6743\u5408\u540c\u548c\u7269\u6743\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u8457\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c126\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[65] \u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u7b2c10\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[66] \u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u7b2c9\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[67] \u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u7684\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\u571f\u5730\u201c\u8fbe\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u8d77\u8bc9\u524d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5373\u53ef\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u751f\u6548\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u5ba1\u7406\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\u4ef6\u9002\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\uff09\u7b2c3\u30014\u30015\u6761\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u62a5\u300b2003\u670811\u670820\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[68] \u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u7b2c11\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[69] \u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6cb3\u5357\u82b1\u56ed\u7f6e\u4e1a\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u6cb3\u5357\u946b\u82d1\u7f6e\u4e1a\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7ea0\u7eb7\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6848\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u300a\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u4e8c\u5ba1\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u89e3\u6790\u300b\u7b2c5\u96c6\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c64\u9875\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u5c71\u897f\u5609\u548c\u6cf0\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u592a\u539f\u91cd\u578b\u673a\u68b0\uff08\u96c6\u56e2\uff09\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e8b\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\uff082007\uff09\u6c11\u4e00\u7ec8\u5b57\u7b2c62\u53f7\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u516c\u62a5\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c36\u9875\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u4e8e2002\u5e749\u670824\u65e5\u4e0e\u592a\u539f\u5e02\u56fd\u571f\u8d44\u6e90\u5c40\u7b7e\u8ba2\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u300a\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u300b\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\uff0c\u540c\u5e7412\u6708\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u4e0e\u53d7\u8ba9\u65b9\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u300b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u3002\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u5728\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u300b\u65f6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u4e5f\u672a\u63d0\u53ca\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u6309\u7167\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u672a\u5217\u5165\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u67e5\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u76f4\u63a5\u63f4\u5f15\u4e86\u6cd5\u91ca[2005]5\u53f7\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u7684\u7b2c9\u6761\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u201d\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[70] \u7269\u6743\u6cd5\u7b2c135\uff0d151\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[71] \u7269\u6743\u6cd5\u7b2c145\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[72] \u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u8457\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c120\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[73] \u7269\u6743\u6cd5\u7b2c15\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u672a\u529e\u7406\u7269\u6743\u767b\u8bb0\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5408\u540c\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u5206\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[74] \u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c101\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[75] \u540c\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c101\uff0d102\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[76] \u540c\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c102\uff0d103\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[77] \u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u5408\u610f\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u6cd5\u7b2c925\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65b9\u548c\u53d7\u8ba9\u65b9\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u5230\u573a\u5411\u4e3b\u7ba1\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff08\u516c\u8bc1\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u571f\u5730\u767b\u8bb0\u5904\u7684\u533a\u6cd5\u9662\uff09\u4f5c\u51fa\u7269\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u5408\u610f\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a[\u5fb7]\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u8457\uff0c\u5434\u8d8a\u3001\u674e\u5927\u96ea\u8bd1\uff0c\u300a\u7269\u6743\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c214\uff0d230\u9875\uff1b\u9648\u536b\u4f50\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff0c\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c291\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[78] \u53c2\u89c1\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u8457\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c197\uff0d209\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[79] \u53c2\u89c1\u5d14\u5efa\u8fdc\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u6587\uff1b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u8457\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c109\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[80] \u6cd5\u53d1[1996]2\u53f7\u89e3\u7b54\u7b2c12\u6761\uff0c\u6cd5\u91ca[2005]5\u53f7\u89e3\u91ca\u7b2c10\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[81] \u5b8b\u6653\u660e\u3001\u738b\u95ef\uff0c\u201c\u65e0\u6743\u5904\u5206\u4e0e\u6709\u6743\u5904\u5206\uff1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u4ee5\u767b\u8bb0\u5728\u5176\u540d\u4e0b\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u62b5\u62bc\u7684\u6548\u529b\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u8003\u91cf\u548c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u5173\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\uff082005\uff09\u6c11\u4e8c\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b2c8\u53f7\u8bf7\u793a\u7b54\u590d\u4e4b\u89e3\u6790\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e8c\u5ead\u7f16\u300a\u6c11\u5546\u4e8b\u5ba1\u5224\u6307\u5bfc\u300b2006\u5e74\u7b2c1\u8f91\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c107\uff0d108\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[82] \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u201c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u65bd\u884c\u540e\u8ba4\u5b9a\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u7ecf\u8425\u5408\u540c\u6548\u529b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u89c1\uff082001\uff09\u201d\u7b2c8\u6761\u7b2c2\u6b3e\uff1b\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u201c\u6cb3\u5357\u82b1\u56ed\u7f6e\u4e1a\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u6cb3\u5357\u946b\u82d1\u7f6e\u4e1a\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u7ea0\u7eb7\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6848\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5ba1\u5224\u51b3\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e00\u5ead\u7f16\u300a\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u4e8c\u5ba1\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u89e3\u6790\u300b\u7b2c5\u96c6\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c61\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[83] \u53c2\u89c1\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u529e\u516c\u5385\u5173\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ba1\u7406\u4e25\u7981\u7092\u5356\u571f\u5730\u7684\u901a\u77e5\uff08\u56fd\u529e\u53d1[1999]39\u53f7\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u76ee\u524d\u4e5f\u8fd9\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[84] \u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u7b2c42\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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