{"id":251,"date":"2008-02-20T19:20:53","date_gmt":"2008-02-20T23:20:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/guorui\/2008\/02\/20\/fang-liufang-chinas-reform-of-public-i"},"modified":"2008-02-21T01:33:28","modified_gmt":"2008-02-21T05:33:28","slug":"fang-liufang-chinas-reform-of-public-institions-from-a-legal-perspe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/2008\/02\/20\/fang-liufang-chinas-reform-of-public-institions-from-a-legal-perspe\/","title":{"rendered":"Fang Liufang: China&#8217;s Public Instition Reform from a Legal Perspective&#8211;A Critic of the Applied Legal Personality Theory"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"><span>\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"><span>\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316\u201d\u6279\u5224<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"><span>\u65b9\u6d41\u82b3<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u6559\u6388<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u524d\u8a00<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p 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class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>80<span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u4ef6\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\u8eab\u4efd\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u2014\u2014<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8f6c\u578b\u65f6\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u63d0\u793a\u4e86\u53cd\u601d\u7acb\u6cd5\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u591a\u4f53\u6574\u5408\u201d\uff08<\/span>corporatism<span>\uff09<\/span>,<span>\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6539\u9020\u548c\u91cd\u6784\u4e86\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u672c\u5e94\u79c9\u6301\u7684\u201c\u672c\u5206\u201d\u548c\u5b83\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u8d8b\u5229\u51b2\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7275\u6d89\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u3001\u5211\u4e8b\u548c\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5e38\u5e38\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> <!--more--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e00\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u5c5e\u6027<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\uff08<\/span>1<span>\uff09\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u521b\u8bbe\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\uff1b\uff08<\/span>2<span>\uff09\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\uff1b\uff08<\/span>3<span>\uff09\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u7eb3\u5165\u201c\u5e72\u90e8\u7f16\u5236\u201d\uff1b\uff08<\/span>4<span>\uff09\u5355\u4f4d\u81ea\u8eab\u53c8\u662f\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u548c\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u67a2\u7ebd\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u53ea\u5bf9\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/span>[1]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p 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class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p 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class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8425\u8fd0\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\uff09\u7684\u62e8\u6b3e\u548c\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8425\u8fd0\u6536\u5165\uff08\u5206\u4e3a\u5168\u989d\u62e8\u6b3e\u3001\u5dee\u989d\u62e8\u6b3e\u548c\u81ea\u6536\u81ea\u652f\uff09\u3002\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u63a7\u5236\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u603b\u989d\uff0c\u6838\u5b9a\u7ecf\u8d39\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u8425\u8fd0\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e1a\u52a1\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u975e\u7ecf\u6279\u51c6\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3e\u503a\uff1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5f00\u652f\u53d7\u9884\u7b97\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u884c\u4e3e\u503a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u62c5\u4fdd\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u53ef\u62b5\u62bc\u8d22\u4ea7\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u7684\u52a8\u4ea7\u548c\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u4e13\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u6cd5\u9662\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u6e05\u507f\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e0d\u53ef\u62b5\u62bc\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u81ea\u884c\u4e3e\u503a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9884\u7b97\u5931\u53bb\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u540c\u65f6\u627f\u62c5\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u80fd\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u7ea7\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u201c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>80<span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u548c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9650\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e05\u6670\u7684\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709\u884c\u653f\u804c\u80fd\u800c\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u884c\u4f7f\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u9644\u5c5e\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u5168\u4f53\u5458\u5de5\u3002\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u5b83\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d89\u8db3\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7ba1\u8f96\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u7275\u6d89\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff08\u5458\u5de5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6cd5\u9662\u2014\u2014\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e8c\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5728\u5df2\u5f80<\/span>20<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u7a7f\u8d8a\u3001\u9519\u7efc\u4ea4\u81f4\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728<\/span>21<span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u53bb\u6982\u62ec\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5c5e\u6027\u591a\u534a\u4f1a\u72af\u7b80\u5355\u5316\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u8a00\u8bcd\u5b9a\u4e49\u6240\u80fd\u591f\u6982\u62ec\u7684\u6781\u9650\u3002<\/span>[4]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">1. <span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u548c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u53cc\u91cd\u804c\u80fd<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u5df2\u5f80<\/span>20<span>\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e09\u4ee4\u4e94\u7533\u201c\u7cbe\u7b80\u673a\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u904f\u5236\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u7cbe\u7b80\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8a00\u8bf4\u548c\u673a\u6784\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u667a\u6167\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u65b0\u8bbe\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u673a\u6784\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\u4e2d\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/span>20<span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>90<span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\u589e\u8bbe\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u51c6\u5165\u8bb8\u53ef\u673a\u5173\u591a\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bc1\u5238\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fdd\u9669\u4e1a\u76d1\u7763\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7535\u529b\u76d1\u7ba1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002<\/span>[5]<span>\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5b9e\u60e0\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6c34\u6da8\u8239\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8fc7\u540c\u4e00\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u201c\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5728\u85aa\u916c\u5f85\u9047\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7ba1\u5236\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u85aa\u916c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u9700\u8981<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u201c\u7cbe\u7b80\u201d\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u5c31\u66f4\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u53d8\u6027\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u6309\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/span>[6]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e24\u5757\u724c\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u548c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5408\u800c\u4e3a\u4e00\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u628a\u63a7\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u6765\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53c8\u4e0d\u613f\u7528\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u51fa\u5934\u9732\u9762\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u53d8\u751f\u51fa\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6211\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u62db\u724c\u3002<\/span>[7]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">2.<span>\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u8425\u5229\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u516c\u53f8<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>80<span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201c\u529e\u516c\u53f8\u201d\u5386\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u201c\u6e05\u7406\u6574\u987f\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u5982\u540c\u83a0\u8349\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u829f\u800c\u590d\u751f\uff0c\u6839\u9664\u4e0d\u5c3d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f00\u7981\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4ece\u4e8b\u80a1\u6743\u6295\u8d44\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3002<\/span>[8]<span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u4e0a\u5e02\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u63a7\u80a1\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u6709\u8272\u91d1\u5c5e\u7814\u7a76\u603b\u9662\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0a\u5e02\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u548c\u5927\u80a1\u4e1c\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e02\u516c\u53f8\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u8c41\u514d\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u201d\u3002<\/span>[9]<span>\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7981\u6b62\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u7ecf\u5546\u529e\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c<\/span><span> <\/span>[10] <span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u80a1\u6743\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u76f8\u5f53\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">3.<span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\uff1b\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9884\u7b97\u4e0d\u8db3\u9a71\u52a8\u4e86\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201c\u521b\u6536\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u9760\u5c71\u5403\u5c71\uff0c\u9760\u6c34\u5403\u6c34\u201d\u7684\u8425\u5229\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6216\u662f\u6536\u53d6\u989d\u5916\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u628a\u672c\u5e94\u65e0\u507f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53d8\u6210\u6536\u8d39\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u62e8\u6b3e\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u5546\u4e1a\u6295\u673a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8425\u6536\u5165\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u533b\u9662\u6536\u53d6\u201c\u56de\u6263\u201d\u582a\u79f0\u201c\u521b\u6536\u201d\u4e4b\u5178\u578b\uff1a\u5728\u836f\u54c1\u6279\u53d1\u5546\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u548c\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u7aed\u529b\u5411\u60a3\u8005\u9500\u552e\u6216\u8005\u642d\u552e\u836f\u54c1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u56de\u6263\u201d\u5f62\u5f0f\u5206\u4eab\u9500\u552e\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u201c\u56de\u6263\u201d<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u628a\u533b\u9662\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u6539\u9020\u6210\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1a\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u4ece\u4e8b\u533b\u6cbb\u6551\u62a4\u7684\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\uff1b\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u9500\u552e\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u5546\u3002\u533b\u751f\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5171\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\u533b\u9662\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u53bb\u62db\u63fd\u548c\u9501\u5b9a\u5ba2\u6237\uff1a\u836f\u54c1\u6279\u53d1\u5546\u6309\u9500\u552e\u4e1a\u7ee9\u8bba\u529f\u884c\u8d4f\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u5f00\u51fa\u7684\u5904\u65b9\u8d8a\u591a\u201c\u56de\u6263\u201d\u8d8a\u591a\uff1b\u533b\u9662\u91c7\u8d2d\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u836f\u54c1\u91c7\u8d2d\u7684\u201c\u836f\u4e8b\u59d4\u5458\u201d<\/span>[11]<span>\u7684\u201c\u56de\u6263\u201d\u8d8a\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u51fa\u552e\u201c\u704c\u6c34\u5b66\u4f4d\u201d\u662f\u9ad8\u6821\u201c\u521b\u6536\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u9ad8\u6821\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u91cf\u4f53\u88c1\u8863\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d44\u8d28\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5165\u5b66\u9014\u5f84\u3001\u5b66\u4f4d\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8981\u653b\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\u5e76\u53d6\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7\u6700\u4f4e\u5f55\u53d6\u5206\u6570\u7ebf\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u540d\u76ee\u7e41\u591a\u7684\u201c\u8e4a\u5f84\u65c1\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u63a8\u8350\u514d\u8bd5\u201d\uff08\u65e0\u987b\u53c2\u52a0\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5f55\u53d6\uff09\u3001\u201c\u8865\u5145\u5f55\u53d6\u201d\uff08\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u5f55\u53d6\u5206\u6570\u7ebf\u516c\u5e03\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u5206\u6570\u7ebf\u7684\u8003\u751f\u4e2d\u5f55\u53d6\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u5fc5\u6309\u5206\u6570\u9ad8\u4f4e\u5f55\u53d6\uff09\u3001\u201c\u540c\u6b65\u8fdb\u4fee\u201d\uff08\u4e0d\u53c2\u52a0\u5165\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u201c\u8865\u8003\u201d\u8fc7\u5173\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u7533\u8bf7\u5b66\u4f4d\uff09\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8981\u7533\u8bf7\u7855\u58eb\u6216\u8005\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u653b\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u201c\u540c\u7b49\u5b66\u529b\u201d<\/span>[12]<span>\u63d0\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u2014\u2014\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5165\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u52a0\u4e13\u8bbe\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u73ed\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u201c\u540c\u7b49\u5b66\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u7533\u8bf7\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u9ad8\u6821\u7eb7\u7eb7\u4e3e\u529e\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u73ed\u201d\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u4f4d\u9700\u6c42\u8005\u8fbe\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5b66\u529b\uff0c\u529e\u73ed\u6536\u5165\u5219\u7531\u9662\u3001\u7cfb\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u5206\u6210\u3002<\/span>[13]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4ea7\u751f\u8425\u5229\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\u548c\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u7ecf\u5546\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8425\u5229\u8d8b\u52bf\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6cbb\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5185\u90e8\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u5272\u636e\u201d\u5c40\u9762\uff1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\u5206\u522b\u201c\u521b\u6536\u201d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u91d1\u5e93\u201d\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u5c01\u9501\u548c\u5bf9\u7acb\uff1b\u5404\u4e2a\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u603b\u90e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u5219\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u6210\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u5927\u5b66\u5141\u8bb8\u5b83\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9662\u3001\u7cfb\u5f00\u8bbe\u201c\u81ea\u8003\u73ed\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8f85\u5bfc\u73ed\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u73ed\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u6536\u8d39\u53d1\u7968\u548c\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u5c06\u6536\u8d39\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u5de6\u53f3\u4e0a\u4ea4\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u80fd\u4ece\u653f\u5e9c\u90a3\u91cc\u65e0\u507f\u83b7\u5f97\u884c\u4e1a\u51c6\u5165\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u51cf\u514d\u7a0e\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7528\u8bb8\u53ef\u6743\u548c\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u8c0b\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u5f97\u5230\u8c41\u514d\u548c\u7279\u8bb8\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6211\u56fd\u7ba1\u5236\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ecf\u8425\u800c\u53d7\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u8fdb\u884c\u8fa9\u89e3\uff0c\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>1<span>\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u5f62\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>1<span>\uff1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0e\u300a\u53cd\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u9002\u7528<\/span>[14]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6e56\u5317\u7701\u5b9c\u660c\u5e02\u5987\u5e7c\u4fdd\u5065\u9662\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u79f0\uff1a\u4fdd\u5065\u9662\uff09\u5728\u836f\u54c1\u91c7\u8d2d\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u6536\u53d7\u533b\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u548c\u7269\u54c1\u56de\u6263<\/span>58 721<span>\u5143\uff0c\u6e56\u5317\u7701\u5b9c\u660c\u5e02\u5de5\u5546\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u79f0\uff1a\u5de5\u5546\u5c40\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5065\u9662\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c5e\u6536\u53d7\u201c\u5546\u4e1a\u8d3f\u8d42\u201d\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u300a\u53cd\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89\u6cd5\u300b\u5bf9\u524d\u8005\u7f5a\u6b3e\uff11\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u4fdd\u5065\u9662\u4e0d\u670d\u884c\u653f\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u63d0\u8d77\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4fdd\u5065\u9662\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u300a\u53cd\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5236\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u2026\u2026\u4ece\u4e8b\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u8425\u6216\u8005\u8425\u5229\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4fdd\u5065\u9662\u662f\u201c\u5168\u6c11\u6240\u6709\u5236\u8d22\u653f\u5168\u989d\u62e8\u6b3e\u7684\u516c\u76ca\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300a\u53cd\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89\u6cd5\u300b\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5de5\u5546\u5c40\u5904\u7f5a\u4fdd\u5065\u9662\u5c5e\u884c\u653f\u8d8a\u6743\u548c\u9002\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5f53\u3002\u5de5\u5546\u5c40\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u4fdd\u5065\u9662\u201c\u867d\u7136\u662f\u5168\u989d\u62e8\u6b3e\u7684\u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u65e5\u5e38\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u507f\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u91c7\u8d2d\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u8425\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300a\u53cd\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89\u6cd5\u300b\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\uff1b\u5de5\u5546\u5c40\u4f9d\u636e\u300a\u53cd\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89\u6cd5\u300b\u67e5\u5904\u201c\u5546\u4e1a\u8d3f\u8d42\u201d\u662f\u884c\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5b9a\u804c\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e00\u5ba1\u3001\u4e8c\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u90fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u5de5\u5546\u5c40\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u300a\u53cd\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u770b\u4ed6\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u770b\u4ed6\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7275\u6d89<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u9500\u552e\u800c\u8d2d\u4e70\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u663e\u7136\u662f\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6536\u53d7\u5546\u4e1a\u8d3f\u8d42\u8005\u201c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4ece\u4e8b\u516c\u52a1\u91c7\u8d2d\u6d3b\u52a8\u800c\u5728\u8d26\u5916\u6697\u4e2d\u6536\u53d7\u56de\u6263\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>1<span>\uff0c\u4fdd\u5065\u9662\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u201d\u624d\u4f1a\u6536\u53d6\u5546\u4e1a\u8d3f\u8d42\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u201d\uff1b\u6cd5\u9662\u6ca1\u6709\u62d8\u6ce5\u4e8e\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u201d\u7684\u6587\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6536\u53d7\u8d3f\u8d42\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u201d\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u8c41\u514d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6cd5\u5f8b\u672c\u610f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u56f4\u7ed5\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u8bb8\u53ef\u548c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5206\u7b49\u8bc4\u4f18\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u6b63\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u5229\u76ca\u5171\u540c\u4f53<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u201c\u8f6c\u53d8\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u7684\u5206\u652f\u5728\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u5236\u9020\u5ba1\u6279\u3001\u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u5206\u7b49\u8bc4\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u6784\u201d\u5f00\u62d3\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e76\u9501\u5b9a\u5ba2\u6237<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u2014\u2014\u51e1\u5411\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7533\u8bf7\u5ba1\u6279\u3001\u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u5206\u7b49\u8bc4\u7ea7\uff0c\u987b\u7ecf\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u6784\u201d\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u6784\u201d\u5219\u5411\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u8f93\u9001\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u3001\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5b66\u4f4d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u521b\u8bbe\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u6309\u7167\u201c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u5b66\u79d1\u201d\u5206\u7c7b\u9010\u4e00\u7533\u62a5\u201c\u7855\u58eb\u70b9\u201d\u3001\u201c\u535a\u58eb\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u884c\u653f\u8bb8\u53ef\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c<\/span>[15]<span>\u800c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5ba1\u6279\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u673a\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u6cd5\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u6784\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u3001\u975e\u8425\u5229\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7684\u201c\u76f4\u5c5e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff0c<\/span>[16]<span>\u8be5\u201c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u56ca\u62ec\u4e86\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u5b66\u4f4d\u6388\u6743\u5ba1\u6838\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b66\u79d1\u8bc4\u4f30\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9662\u8bc4\u4f30\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6559\u6750\u9074\u9009\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u91cd\u70b9\u5b66\u79d1\u8bc4\u4f30\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u62db\u751f\u8bb8\u53ef\u548c\u5b66\u4f4d\u6388\u6743\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6743\uff1b<\/span>[17]<span>\u672c\u79d1\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u5219\u7531\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u884c\u653f\u6027\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\u5fc3\u628a\u63a7\uff0c\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u201c\u9662\u6821\u8bc4\u4f30\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e13\u9879\u8bc4\u4f30\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8bc4\u4f30\u57f9\u8bad\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bc4\u4f30\u201d\u3002<\/span>[18]<span>\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u628a\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u8bb8\u53ef\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u521b\u8bbe\u4e86\u7e41\u590d\u7684\u3001\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u79ef\u5206\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u5ba1\u6838\u5236\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5b66\u4f4d\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\u9700\u7ecf\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u201c\u5b66\u4f4d\u70b9\u201d\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4ece\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u7eb3\u5165\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u201c<\/span>211<span>\u5de5\u7a0b\u201d\u3001<\/span>[19] <span>\u201c<\/span>985<span>\u5de5\u7a0b\u201d\uff0c<\/span>[20]<span>\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5de8\u989d\u4e13\u9879\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u8bb8\u53ef\u90fd\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc4\u4f30\u9879\u76ee\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u6bcf\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u9879\u76ee\u53c8\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5784\u65ad\u6027\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u6784\u201d\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\uff08\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u8d22\u4f1a\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u201c\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u8d39\u201d\u5217\u652f\uff09\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u5b66\u79d1\u7ec4\u53bb\u201c\u8dd1\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\u53bb\u8d3f\u8d42\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\u7684\u5206\u914d\u8005\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u201c\u8dd1\u70b9\u201d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8d3f\u8d42\u6210\u672c\u5c31\u4ece\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8865\u507f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5448\u73b0\u6cd5\u4eba\u5916\u89c2<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">1.<span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u6cd5\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\u7531\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u548c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5171\u751f\u3001\u4f9d\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u53cd\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u683c\u5c40\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u5b9e\u8d28\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>1986<span>\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u300b\u7387\u5148\u5c06\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u201d\u662f\u201c\u4ee3\u8868\u6cd5\u4eba\u884c\u4f7f\u804c\u6743\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/span><span> <\/span>[21]<span>\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u300b\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u201c\u7f16\u5236\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u6838\u5b9a\u7684\u673a\u6784\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff1b\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u300b\u628a<\/span>1963<span>\u5e74\u521b\u8bbe\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u5206\u7c7b\u6539\u5199\u4e3a\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/span>[22]<span>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u548c\u6cd5\u4eba\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u4e24\u7c7b\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u8fdc\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728<\/span>1998<span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\u65e0\u9700\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u6bd4\u767b\u8bb0\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u610f\u613f\u662f\u6309\u7167\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u9650\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5728\u51fa\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\u53ea\u662f\u5df2\u6709\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bb8\u53ef\u8fd8\u662f\u5907\u6848\uff0c\u767b\u8bb0\u90fd\u662f\u591a\u6b64\u4e00\u4e3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">2.<span>\u5b9e\u884c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u767b\u8bb0\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4ece<\/span>1998<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u767b\u8bb0\u201d\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u521a\u521a\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u5411\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7533\u8bf7\u201c\u767b\u8bb0\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5907\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u9886\u53d6\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u8bc1\u201d\uff0c<\/span>[23]<span>\u4e24\u79cd\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u5e74\uff1b\u767b\u8bb0\u673a\u5173\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5e74\u68c0\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u201c\u5e74\u68c0\u201d\u5e76\u4ea4\u7eb3\u201c\u5e74\u68c0\u8d39\u201d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u6362\u65b0\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3b\u7ba1\u673a\u5173\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4f17\u591a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u8981\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u767b\u8bb0\u7533\u8bf7\u8868\u548c\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\u4e0a\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u201c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u548c<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u201c\u5f00\u529e\u8d44\u91d1\u201d\u7684\u6570\u989d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u767b\u8bb0\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u67d0\u79cd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u515a\u59d4\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u653f\u9996\u957f\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u9996\u957f\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u515a\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u515a\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u884c\u653f\u9996\u957f\u5145\u4efb\u60df\u4e00\u201c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e76\u5b58\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u201c\u5f00\u529e\u8d44\u91d1\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5f88\u96be\u5982\u5b9e\u586b\u62a5\u800c\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u586b\u62a5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u79d1\u76ee\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u5f00\u529e\u8d44\u91d1\u201d\u4e00\u9879\u3002<\/span>[24]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>2<span>\uff1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\uff1a\u4e2d\u82f1\u6559\u80b2\u6d4b\u91cf\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bc9\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u7b49\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6d77\u6dc0\u533a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c<\/span>2002<span>\uff09<\/span>[25]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u672c\u6848\u88ab\u544a\u5426\u8ba4\u539f\u544a\u662f\u9002\u683c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u3002\u88ab\u544a\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a\u539f\u544a\u5728\u8d77\u8bc9\u65f6\u5c1a\u672a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u5728<\/span>2003<span>\u5e74<\/span>3<span>\u6708<\/span>31<span>\u65e5\u9886\u53d6\u4e86\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u2026\u2026\u539f\u544a\u2026\u2026\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002\u2026\u2026\u539f\u544a\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u544a\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u5e94\u9a73\u56de\u5176\u8d77\u8bc9\u3002\u201d\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u88ab\u544a\u4ee5\u6709\u5173\u89c4\u7ae0\u548c\u901a\u77e5\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8981\u6c42\u6765\u5426\u5b9a\u539f\u544a\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e3b\u4f53\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6c11\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u201d\u5728\u672c\u6848\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff1a\u5ba1\u67e5\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u201c\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e3b\u4f53\u8d44\u683c\u201d\u5e94\u5f53\u9075\u5faa\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u653f\u89c4\u7ae0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u80cc\u666f\u662f\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u5728\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e4b\u540e\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u8d77\u8bc9\u65f6\u6b20\u7f3a\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u8865\u6551\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6309\u7167\u201c\u4e2d\u7f16\u529e\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ece<\/span>2001<span>\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u53c2\u52a0\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u793a\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\u3002<\/span>[26]<span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u4e00\u65b9\u5f8b\u5e08\u7528\u6765\u8d28\u7591\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u6280\u672f\u969c\u788d\u3002\u5728\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>2<span>\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u7528\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u9002\u683c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\uff08<\/span>1<span>\uff09\u673a\u6784\u7f16\u5236\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6279\u590d\uff1b\uff08<\/span>2<span>\uff09\u5168\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u4e24\u4efd\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u8bc1\uff1b\uff08<\/span>3<span>\uff09\u673a\u6784\u5f00\u8bbe\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff1b\uff08<\/span>4<span>\uff09\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u544a\u8bc9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bc1\u636e\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u4e0e\u6848\u4ef6\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u63a5\u53d7\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u591a\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u548c\u5224\u51b3\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u8d77\u8bc9\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u516c\u529e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8d77\u8bc9\u548c\u5e94\u8bc9\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\uff09\u3001\u80dc\u8bc9\u548c\u8d25\u8bc9\uff0c\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u6216\u8005\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u521b\u8bbe\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u5426\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u6570\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u8f96\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u5982\u5e02\u3001\u533a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u3001\u5c0f\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u6d89\u8bc9\u95ee\u9898\u5448\u73b0\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u7531\u4e3b\u7ba1\u8be5\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u4eec\u8bc9\u8bbc\u66f4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7ecf\u5e38\u9762\u4e34\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff08\u5982\u533b\u9662\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u904d\u63a8\u884c\u8d23\u4efb\u4fdd\u9669\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u80dc\u8bc9\u3001\u8d25\u8bc9\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u7531\u8be5\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u81ea\u4e3b\u884c\u4f7f\u8bc9\u6743\u6216\u8005\u6388\u6743\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u884c\u4f7f\u8bc9\u6743\u663e\u7136\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u7406\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0e\u5546\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5dee\u522b\uff08\u5982\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff09\uff0c\u7406\u5f53\u81ea\u4e3b\u884c\u4f7f\u8bc9\u6743\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u5145\u5f53\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b83\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6cd5\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u6388\u6743\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u56fd\u6709\u5546\u4e1a\u94f6\u884c\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u9274\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a\u56fd\u6709\u5546\u4e1a\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u5206\u884c\u3001\u652f\u884c\u548c\u50a8\u84c4\u6240\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u603b\u884c\u7684\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\uff08\u56db\uff09\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u72ec\u5360\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u79d1\u7814\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5b9e\u8d28\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5982\u4eca\u201c\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u536b\u751f\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u7edf\u5929\u4e0b\u3002\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u201c\u6c11\u529e\u5b66\u6821\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u5916\u5408\u4f5c\u529e\u5b66\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u4e2d\u5b66\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u672c\u79d1\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6559\u80b2\uff1b\u5728\u533b\u7597\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u8bca\u6240\u3001\u79c1\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u627f\u5305\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u5df2\u5448\u73b0\u98ce\u8d77\u4e91\u6d8c\u4e4b\u52bf\uff1b\u5728\u79d1\u7814\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u516c\u7acb\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u6784\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u65e0\u6570\u516c\u53f8\u578b\u7684\u79c1\u7acb\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u6784\u548c\u201c\u6c11\u529e\u975e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff1b\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u6295\u8d44\u65e9\u5df2\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6302\u9760\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u4e66\u53f7\u4ea4\u6613\u201d\u9690\u5f62\u8fdb\u5165\u3002\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>80<span>\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u201c\u5f8b\u5e08\u6267\u884c\u804c\u52a1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u6784\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95ee\u5904\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95ee\u5904\u662f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u201d<\/span>[27]<span>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u628a\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u662f\u6267\u4e1a\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u8d77\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u638c\u63a7\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\u635f\u76ca\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u670d\u52a1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u7eb3\u5165\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7eb3\u5165\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u201c\u7f16\u5236\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>90<span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u9759\u6084\u6084\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u5236\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5408\u4f19\u5236\u201d\u3002\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u5168\u9762\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f8b\u5e08\u754c\u5df2\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d8\u5316\u5f97\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u665a\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6<\/span>10<span>\u5e74\u3002\u4ece<\/span>1998<span>\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5f8b\u5e08\u6cd5\u300b\u9881\u5e03\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u540d\u6b63\u8a00\u987a\u5730\u4ece\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u6267\u4e1a\u673a\u6784\u201d\uff08\u7b2c<\/span>15<span>\u6761\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e09\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u7684\u56f0\u60d1<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\uff1a\u8c01\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u8d1f\u8d23\uff1f\u6cd5\u4eba\u767b\u8bb0\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u83b7\u5f97\u503a\u52a1\u8c41\u514d\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">1. <span>\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>3<span>\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u6768\u6d66\u533a\u8dc3\u5316\u4e94\u91d1\u6a21\u5177\u5382\u7b49\u8bc9\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u6848\uff08<\/span>1990<span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>[28]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u672c\u6848\u539f\u544a\u662f\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u6768\u6d66\u533a\u8dc3\u5316\u4e94\u91d1\u6a21\u5177\u5382\u7b49<\/span>5<span>\u5bb6\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u539f\u544a\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4e2d\u5916\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u79d1\u6280\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fe1\u606f\u8054\u5408\u4f53\uff08\u4e0b\u79f0\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u4f53\uff09\u201d\u2014\u2014\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4e0a\u6d77\u7ecf\u6d4e\u533a\u89c4\u5212\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u201d\uff08\u4e0b\u79f0\uff1a\u89c4\u5212\u529e\uff09\u5728<\/span>1988<span>\u5e74\u6279\u51c6\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u81ea\u7b79\u5f00\u529e\u7ecf\u8d39\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u540c\u5e74<\/span>7<span>\u6708\uff0c\u89c4\u5212\u529e\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u6302\u9760\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u4e0b\u79f0\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u79d1\u9662\uff09\uff1b<\/span>1990<span>\u5e74<\/span>3<span>\u6708\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u4e0e\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u201c\u8131\u94a9\u201d\uff08\u89e3\u9664\u201c\u6302\u9760\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u8f6c\u201c\u6302\u9760\u201d<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4e0a\u6d77\u5206\u9662\uff08\u4e0b\u79f0\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5206\u9662\uff09\u3002<\/span>1990<span>\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b<\/span>100<span>\u591a\u4e07\u5143\u672a\u6e05\u507f\u503a\u52a1\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u5bf9\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u540e\u8005\u5bf9\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u539f\u544a\u5426\u8ba4\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u201c\u89c4\u5212\u529e\u65e0\u6743\u6279\u51c6\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6545\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u65e2\u975e\u4f01\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u6cd5\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5206\u9662\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f16\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u6cd5\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u95f4\u5c31\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u8f6c\u6302\u9760\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u6545\u8981\u6c42\u53d8\u66f4\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u6302\u9760\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u4e3a\u88ab\u544a\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u6c11\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u201d\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u8fa9\u89e3\u8bf4\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u662f\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u201c\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u7cfb\u7531\u89c4\u5212\u529e\u6279\u51c6\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\u95e8\u636e\u6b64\u51c6\u8bb8\u523b\u5236\u516c\u7ae0\uff0c\u539f\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u5e02\u957f\u6c6a\u9053\u6db5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u9886\u5bfc\u540c\u5fd7\u90fd\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u62c5\u4efb\u91cd\u8981\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u2026\u2026\u3002\u201d\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0e\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u6302\u9760\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u6302\u9760\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5728\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u89e3\u6563\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5f53\u65f6\u751f\u6548\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u5e94\u8d1f\u8d23\u6e05\u7406\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u53d7\u76ca\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a\u9650\u6e05\u507f\u516c\u53f8\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5f97\u52a8\u7528\u9884\u7b97\u5185\u8d44\u91d1\u3002<\/span>[29]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>3<span>\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u975e\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u8282\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6700\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u662f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u3001\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5b58\u7eed\u671f\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u9644\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u8fa8\u8ba4\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u4e00\u822c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u7684\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u4e24\u5e74\u4e4b\u5185\u53d8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u64a4\u9500\u4e86\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u201c\u8131\u94a9\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u4e09\u4efb\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u90fd\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u51b3\u5b9a\u201c\u673a\u6784\u7f16\u5236\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u89c4\u5212\u529e\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u89c4\u5212\u529e\u64a4\u9500\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u201c\u6302\u9760\u201d\u4e86\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u79d1\u9662\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u4ece\u6302\u9760\u5230\u8131\u94a9\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u4eba\u4e8b\u3001\u8d22\u52a1\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u8054\u7cfb\u201d\uff1b\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u4e0e\u4e4b<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u201c\u8131\u94a9\u201d\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u8f6c\u800c\u201c\u6302\u9760\u201d\u4e0a\u6d77\u5206\u9662\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5b58\u7eed\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u5e94\u5f53\u7531\u6bd4\u201c\u4e3b\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u7ea7\u522b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u884c\u653f\u5f53\u5c40\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u81ea\u8eab\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u201c\u6302\u9760\u201d\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u503a\u52a1\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\u4ef6\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u9a7b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u529e\u516c\u673a\u6784\uff08\u89c4\u5212\u529e\uff09\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u529b\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u89c4\u5212\u529e\u8fdd\u89c4\u8bbe\u7acb\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u5728\u89c4\u5212\u529e\u64a4\u9500\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8c01\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u503a\u52a1\u8d1f\u8d23\uff1f\u8be5\u6848\u7ed9\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u53bb\u56de\u5e94\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f6c\u578b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u3001\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5374\u7528\u201c\u8bf7\u793a\u201d\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u201c\u5ba1\u5224\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u4e66\u9762\u201c\u8bf7\u793a\u201d\u4e8c\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u4e8c\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u4e66\u9762\u201c\u8bf7\u793a\u201d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u6216\u8005\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u6c11\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8715\u53d8\u4e3a\u8131\u79bb\u8bc9\u8fa9\u53cc\u65b9\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u884c\u653f\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u540c\u610f\u4f60\u9662\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u8d23\u6210\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u5bf9\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u503a\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u4e88\u4ee5\u6e05\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u5bf9\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u201d<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5ba1\u5224\u5c31\u5728\u201c\u8bf7\u793a\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e86\u65ad\u6b64\u6848\uff1a\u539f\u544a\u9664\u4e86\u503a\u6743\u843d\u7a7a\uff0c\u53c8\u8d54\u4e0a\u4e00\u7b14\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8d39\uff0c\u800c\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u4ece\u5f97\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">2.<span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\u800c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u8d1f\u8d23<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u6240\u7edf\u8f96\u7684\u201c\u76f4\u5c5e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\u5f80\u5f80\u591a\u8fbe\u6570\u5341\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0a\u767e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u7fa4\u4e0b\u5c5e\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u804c\u80fd\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8005\u8fd1\u4f3c\u800c\u53c8\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5728\u548c\u8c01\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002<\/span>[30]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>4<span>\uff1a\uff1a\u60e0\u5dde\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f00\u53d1\u5b9e\u4e1a\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u8bc9\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u60e0\u5dde\u5e02\u8d28\u91cf\u6280\u672f\u76d1\u7763\u5c40\uff08\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u60e0\u5dde\u5e02\u4e2d\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662<\/span>, 2001<span>\uff09<\/span>[31]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u8be5\u6848\u539f\u544a\u662f\u60e0\u5dde\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f00\u53d1\u5b9e\u4e1a\u603b\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u4e0b\u79f0\uff1a\u603b\u516c\u53f8\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u662f\u60e0\u5dde\u5e02\u6d4b\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08\u4e0b\u79f0\uff1a\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\uff09\u548c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u60e0\u5dde\u5e02\u8d28\u91cf\u6280\u672f\u76d1\u7763\u5c40\uff08\u4e0b\u79f0\uff1a\u8d28\u76d1\u5c40\uff09\u3002\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u4e8e<\/span>1992<span>\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u662f\u8d28\u76d1\u5c40\uff1b<\/span>1994<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u673a\u6784\u7f16\u5236\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u5c06\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u6b63\u79d1\u7ea7\u201d\u3002<\/span>1995<span>\u5e74<\/span>9<span>\u6708\uff0c\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u4e0e\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u7b7e\u5b9a\u201c\u627f\u5305\u7ecf\u8425\u5408\u540c\u201d\uff0c\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u79df\u8d41\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u6309\u6708\u4ea4\u7eb3\u627f\u5305\u8d39\u3002<\/span>2000<span>\u5e74<\/span>6<span>\u6708\u53cc\u65b9\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u9664\u201c\u627f\u5305\u7ecf\u8425\u5408\u540c\u201d\uff0c\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u627f\u8ba4\uff1a\u6b20\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u627f\u5305\u8d39\u672c\u91d1<\/span>125<span>\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u5229\u606f<\/span><span> <\/span>3<span>\u4e07\u5143\u3002<\/span>2000<span>\u5e74<\/span>7<span>\u6708<\/span>20<span>\u65e5\uff0c\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u7ecf\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u673a\u6784\u7f16\u5236\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6838\u53d1\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u4ecd\u4e3a\u8d28\u76d1\u5c40\u3002<\/span>2001<span>\u5e74<\/span>6<span>\u6708<\/span>20<span>\u65e5\uff0c\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u8d28\u76d1\u5c40\u3001\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u4e3a\u88ab\u544a\u63d0\u8d77\u8ffd\u8ba8\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002\u4e00\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u201c\u5728<\/span>1994<span>\u5e74\u5df2\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff0c\u8d28\u76d1\u5c40\u5bf9\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u8d77\u4e0a\u8bc9\u3002\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ece<\/span>1995<span>\u5e74<\/span>9<span>\u6708\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u7b7e\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5230<\/span>2000<span>\u5e74<\/span>6<span>\u6708\u53cc\u65b9\u89e3\u9664\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u5728<\/span>2000<span>\u5e74<\/span>7 <span>\u6708\u9886\u53d6\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u8d28\u76d1\u5c40\u9003\u907f\u8d23\u4efb\uff1a\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6e05\u507f\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u8d28\u76d1\u5c40\u672c\u5e94\u5bf9\u503a\u52a1\u8d1f\u8d23\u5374\u501f\u6b64\u9003\u503a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u8d28\u76d1\u5c40\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u4eba\uff1a\u201c\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5230<\/span>2000<span>\u5e74<\/span>7<span>\u6708<\/span>20<span>\u65e5\u624d\u9886\u53d6\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u300b\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6709\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8981\u529e\u7406\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u300b\u3002\u76f4\u5230<\/span>1998<span>\u5e74<\/span>10<span>\u6708<\/span>25<span>\u65e5\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u767b\u8bb0\u7ba1\u7406\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u65bd\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u624d\u529e\u7406\u767b\u8bb0\u624b\u7eed\uff0c\u9886\u53d6\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u300b\u3002\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u9886\u53d6\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u300b\u800c\u5177\u5907\u6cd5\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u3002\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>50<span>\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6cd5\u4eba\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u529e\u7406\u6cd5\u4eba\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\u5177\u6709\u6cd5\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u5728\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u65bd\u884c\u524d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u51ed\u7f16\u59d4\u7684\u5b9a\u7f16\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u53ef\u5177\u5907\u6cd5\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u53ef\u72ec\u7acb\u4ece\u4e8b\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e8c\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e8c\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728<\/span>2000<span>\u5e74<\/span>7<span>\u6708\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u8d28\u76d1\u5c40\u5e94\u5f53\u5c31\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u5bf9\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u4e8c\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>1994<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u673a\u6784\u7f16\u5236\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u6587\u56de\u590d\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u540e\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u793a\u540c\u610f\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u6cd5\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u662f\u5426\u5177\u5907\u6cd5\u4eba\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e94\u770b\u5b83\u5728\u548c\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u7b7e\u5b9a\u5408\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u65e0\u201c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6216\u7ecf\u8d39\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u201c\u80fd\u591f\u72ec\u7acb\u627f\u62c5\u6c11\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\uff0c\u8d28\u76d1\u5c40\u548c\u6d4b\u63a7\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u51fa\u80af\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u8d1f\u8d23\uff1f\u8fd9\u6050\u6015\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4ece\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u4eba\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6709\u4e9b\u8d22\u4ea7\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7535\u89c6\u9891\u9053\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u529e\u5b66\u8bb8\u53ef\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u8ba9\uff0c\u4f46\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8be5\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4ece\u6b64\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u7ecf\u5546\u800c\u65e0\u529b\u6e05\u507f\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u53bb\u62cd\u5356\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u8005\u75c5\u623f\uff0c\u8be5\u533b\u9662\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u5012\u95ed\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u7ed9\u516c\u4f17\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5931\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u8fc7\u62cd\u5356\u6240\u5f97\u3002\u5728\u6211\u56fd\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7834\u4ea7\uff0c\u5728\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u65e0\u529b\u6e05\u507f\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e5f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u786e\u4fdd\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u5e73\u6e05\u507f\u7684\u8fd8\u503a\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u914d\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6216\u8005\u4ed8\u6b3e\u989d\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u591a\u4e3a\u4e13\u9879\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u52a8\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u91d1\u53bb\u6e05\u507f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u8fdd\u53cd\u8d22\u52a1\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u65e2\u7136\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u627f\u62c5\u5546\u4e1a\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u7c7b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8425\u5229\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5e94\u6d89\u8db3\u7684\u7981\u533a\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0d\u5e94\u653e\u4efb\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4ece\u4e8b\u8425\u5229\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8425\u5229\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdd\u89c4\u4ece\u4e8b\u8425\u5229\u6d3b\u52a8\u800c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u6ca1\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u963b\u6b62\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u758f\u5ffd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u56e0\u516c\u8bbe\u7acb\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u7834\u4ea7\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u4efb\u514d\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5e76\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0d\u8d85\u51fa\u6838\u5b9a\u4e1a\u52a1\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u63a8\u5378\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u548c\u5b83\u7ba1\u8f96\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6e05\u507f\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u6267\u884c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>4<span>\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5224\u51b3\u66f4\u8010\u4eba\u5bfb\u5473\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">3<span>\uff0e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5411\u94f6\u884c\u4e3e\u503a\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u507f\u503a\u80fd\u529b\u53d7\u9884\u7b97\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u9650\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u4ed8\u5b83\u5728\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u8d44\u91d1\u4e13\u7528\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u98a0\u8986\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4ece<\/span>1999<span>\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5927\u5b66\u62db\u751f\u4eba\u6570\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u201c\u62c9\u52a8\u5185\u9700\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u5404\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5efa\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u57ce\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5728\u90ca\u533a\u5efa\u65b0\u6821\u56ed\uff0c\u628a\u57ce\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u5b66\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u90ca\u533a\u2014\u2014\u501f\u6b64\u63a8\u52a8\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e02\u573a\u5347\u6e29\u3002<\/span>[32]<span>\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u90fd\u9f13\u52b1\u751a\u81f3\u201c\u5f3a\u8feb\u201d\u5927\u5b66\u5411\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u6b3e\uff0c<\/span>[33]<span>\u5927\u5b66\u5411\u94f6\u884c\u4e3e\u503a\u5c31\u6b64\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7684\u76f4\u5c5e\u9662\u6821\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u5ba1\u6279\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u3002<\/span>[34]<span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b64\u4e3e\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u4e4b\u58f0\u4e0d\u7edd\u4e8e\u8033\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u9ad8\u6821\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u548c\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u6821\u8d37\u6b3e\u5df2\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u963b\u6321\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e4b\u58f0\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u3002\u4ece<\/span>1998<span>\u5e74\u5230<\/span>2006<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u6821\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u603b\u4eba\u6570\u4ece<\/span>643<span>\u4e07\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u5230<\/span>2 500<span>\u4e07\u4eba\uff1b\u5728<\/span>2007<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u6821\u5bf9\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u603b\u989d\u7ea6\u5728<\/span>1 500<span>\ue011<\/span>5 000<span>\u4ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/span>[35]<span>\u5230<\/span>2007<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u6821\u666e\u904d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd8\u8d37\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u9ad8\u6821\u8d37\u6b3e\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u5927\u3001\u653f\u534f\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7126\u70b9\u3002<\/span>[36]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u5411\u94f6\u884c\u4e3e\u503a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9ad8\u6821\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4ee5\u672a\u6765\u6536\u5165\u4e3a\u62b5\u62bc\uff0c\u62c5\u4fdd\u8fd8\u8d37\u3002\u5728\u652f\u4ed8\u94f6\u884c\u672c\u606f\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u6821\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u9ad8\u6821\u9664\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u62e8\u6b3e\u548c\u62db\u751f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u6269\u62db\u5f15\u53d1\u9ad8\u6821\u4e3e\u503a\uff0c\u503a\u52a1\u538b\u529b\u53c8\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u66f4\u4e3a\u731b\u70c8\u7684\u6269\u62db\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9ad8\u6821\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u58f0\u8a89\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6269\u5927\u62db\u751f\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u7a7a\u95f4\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u62db\u751f\u914d\u989d\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u5b66\u8d39\u53c8\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u4ef7\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u5b66\u8d39\u6536\u5165\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u90e8\u7528\u6765\u6e05\u507f\u5f53\u5e74\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6307\u671b\u7528\u5b66\u8d39\u6536\u5165\u53bb\u6e05\u507f\u503a\u52a1\u663e\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f\u57fa\u672c\u5e38\u8bc6\u3002\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u8d22\u6e90\u662f\u5e74\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u62e8\u6b3e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u62e8\u6b3e\u662f\u7ef4\u6301\u9ad8\u6821\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u9ad8\u6821\u7ee7\u7eed\u8425\u8fd0\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u62e8\u6b3e\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u6e05\u507f\u9ad8\u6821\u503a\u52a1\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u9ad8\u6821\u81ea\u8eab\u7f3a\u4e4f\u503a\u52a1\u6e05\u507f\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5927\u62db\u751f\u53bb\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u503a\u52a1\u662f\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5408\u8c0b\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5408\u8c0b\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u503a\u52a1\u98ce\u9669\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u53c2\u4e0e\u5408\u8c0b\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u201c\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7b14\u65b0\u589e\u8d37\u6b3e\u5230\u671f\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8d26\u9762\u4e0a\u51cf\u5c11\u5b83\u7684\u574f\u8d26\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u76c8\u5229\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u574f\u8d26\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u90e8\u5206\u98ce\u9669\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u8d22\u653f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u9662\u6821\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6ca1\u6709\u7275\u6d89\uff1b\u5730\u65b9\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u503a\u52a1\u589e\u52a0\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5730\u65b9\u5360\u7528\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u6e05\u507f\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u53c8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7834\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503a\u52a1\u6700\u7ec8\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u88ab\u201c\u6d88\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6838\u9500\u94f6\u884c\u574f\u8d26\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u628a\u53d1\u5c55\u5730\u65b9\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5206\u6563\u7ed9\u5168\u56fd\u3002\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7ade\u76f8\u901a\u8fc7\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u53bb\u8f6c\u79fb\u53d1\u5c55\u672c\u5730\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u6210\u672c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u82e5\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u5374\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u672c\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7edf\u9886\u201c\u76f4\u5c5e\u9662\u6821\u201d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u62db\u751f\u4eba\u6570\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u65b0\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e0a\u767e\u6240\u9ad8\u6821\uff0c\u800c\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u88ab\u201c\u6d88\u5316\u201d\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8865\u507f\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6821\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u91d1\u94b1\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u5b9e\u60e0\u7684\u6743\u529b\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u8d85\u8fc7\u673a\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u5408\u8c0b\u8005\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u9ad8\u6821\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7ed3\u5c40\u4e0d\u5916\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\uff08<\/span>1<span>\uff09\u94f6\u884c\u628a\u90e8\u5206\u503a\u52a1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u5446\u574f\u8d26\u201d\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d37\u6b3e\u6700\u591a\u3001\u8fd8\u503a\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\uff1b\uff08<\/span>2<span>\uff09\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u57ce\u201d\u7684\u9ad8\u6821\u83b7\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u57ce\u533a\u7684\u65e7\u6821\u5740\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u7528\u8f6c\u8ba9\u8d44\u91d1\u8fd8\u503a\uff1b\uff08<\/span>3<span>\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8b\u5148\u6709\u6240\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c06\u52a8\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u53bb\u6e05\u507f\u503a\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u5371\u673a\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u628a\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u4e3e\u503a\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u503a\u52a1\u6e05\u507f\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u98ce\u9669\u5916\u90e8\u5316\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\uff1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u672a\u7ecf\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u64c5\u81ea\u8f6c\u8ba9\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5176\u5904\u5206\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>5<span>\uff1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u672a\u7ecf\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u540c\u610f\u800c\u7b7e\u5b9a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u88ab\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u9664\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff1a<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5e7f\u7535\u603b\u5c40\u4e1c\u5357\u5de5\u7a0b\u5904\u8bc9\u8d8a\u6d0b\u516c\u53f8\u5408\u8d44\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u6ce8\u518c\u6210\u7acb\u540e\u8981\u6c42\u786e\u8ba4\u5408\u8d44\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6548\u5e76\u6536\u56de\u51fa\u8d44\u6848\uff08<\/span>2002<span>\uff09<\/span>[37]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d<\/span>G<span>\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a<\/span>Y<span>\u7b7e\u7ea6\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff1a<\/span>G<span>\u5c06\u540d\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5212\u62e8\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8d44\uff0c<\/span>Y<span>\u4ee5\u73b0\u91d1\u51fa\u8d44\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u516c\u53f8<\/span>GY<span>\uff0c<\/span>G<span>\u59d4\u6258<\/span>Y<span>\u529e\u7406\u5305\u62ec\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8fc7\u6237\u5728\u5185\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/span>GY<span>\u6210\u7acb\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c<\/span>G<span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u53cc\u65b9\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u91cd\u5927\u8bef\u89e3\u548c\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5206\u6b67\u201d\uff0c\u9042\u901a\u77e5<\/span>Y<span>\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u505c\u6b62\u529e\u7406\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8fc7\u6237\u624b\u7eed\uff0c<\/span>Y<span>\u65e0\u89c6<\/span>G<span>\u7684\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u5f53\u5730\u571f\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u534f\u52a9\uff0c\u5c06<\/span>G<span>\u540d\u4e0b\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8fc7\u6237\u5230<\/span>GY<span>\u540d\u4e0b\u3002<\/span>G<span>\u9042\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u571f\u5730\u51fa\u8d44\u672a\u7ecf\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u4e8b\u5148\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u7ea6\u5b9a\u81ea\u59cb\u4e0d\u751f\u6548\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u539f\u544a<\/span>G<span>\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7acb\u573a\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u6298\u8d44\u5165\u80a1\u6210\u7acb\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u5411\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u63d0\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5411\u56fd\u6709\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u63d0\u4ea4\u7acb\u9879\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u66f4\u672a\u7ecf\u6279\u590d\u540e\u7531\u8d44\u4ea7\u8bc4\u4f30\u673a\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u539f\u3001\u88ab\u544a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u8425\u5408\u540c\u5e94\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u201d\u5728\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c<\/span>G<span>\u5df2\u6536\u56de\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9<\/span>Y<span>\u7684\u59d4\u6258\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u4e0d\u8981\u529e\u7406\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8fc7\u6237\u624b\u7eed\uff0c<\/span>Y <span>\u4ecd\u64c5\u81ea\u529e\u7406\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8fc7\u6237\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u88ab\u544a<\/span>Y<span>\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7acb\u573a\u662f\uff1a\u539f\u544a\u548c\u88ab\u544a\u90fd\u662f<\/span>GY<span>\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u4e1c\uff0c\u80a1\u4e1c\u81ea\u5e94\u6309\u5408\u540c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5c65\u884c\u51fa\u8d44\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e00\u5ba1\u3001\u4e8c\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u5747\u5224\u51b3\u539f\u544a\u8d25\u8bc9\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u6cd5\u5f8b\u628a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u89c6\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5411\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u8f6c\u8ba9\u56fd\u6709\u5212\u62e8\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u53cd\u6094\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u9645\u5c65\u884c\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1a<\/span>G<span>\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u4ed6\u540d\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5212\u62e8\u571f\u5730\u800c\u83b7\u5f97<\/span>GY<span>\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u571f\u5730\u5c40\u4e0e<\/span>GY<span>\u516c\u53f8\u7b7e\u5b9a\u571f\u5730\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u51fa\u8ba9\u91d1\uff0c<\/span>GY<span>\u516c\u53f8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u53ef\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c<\/span>Y<span>\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86<\/span>GY<span>\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a\u539f\u544a\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u72ec\u7acb\u4eab\u53d7\u6c11\u4e8b\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u6c11\u4e8b\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u771f\u5b9e\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\u201d\uff1b\u539f\u544a\u201c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0e\u5176\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4e3a\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u5176\u4e8b\u5148\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>5<span>\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u672a\u7ecf\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u81ea\u884c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5176\u5360\u6709\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5212\u62e8\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d8a\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\uff1f\u6309\u7167\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u672c\u5e94\u4f5c\u51fa\u80af\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5177\u6709\u201c\u6c11\u4e8b\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8d85\u51fa\u76ee\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u64c5\u81ea\u628a\u64cd\u573a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u5546\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u64c5\u81ea\u628a\u95e8\u8bca\u5927\u697c\u5356\u7ed9\u5a31\u4e50\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5e38\u4eba\u7686\u77e5\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c5\u81ea\u5904\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u5b8c\u5168\u843d\u7a7a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u65e0\u6bd4\u9ad8\u6602\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u56fd\u6709\u5212\u62e8\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u662f\u7528\u5730\u5355\u4f4d\u65e0\u507f\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u7528\u5730\u5355\u4f4d\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u5b9a\u571f\u5730\u51fa\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u3001\u4ea4\u7eb3\u571f\u5730\u51fa\u8ba9\u91d1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5212\u62e8\u571f\u5730\u624d\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u53ef\u8f6c\u8ba9\u571f\u5730\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u571f\u5730\u6027\u8d28\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7528\u5730\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u7b7e\u5b9a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u56fd\u6709\u5212\u62e8\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5408\u540c\u662f\u4e0d\u751f\u6548\u529b\u7684\u3002<\/span>[38]<span>\u53ef\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e94\u6709\u4e4b\u4e49\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u8be5\u6848\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u53bb\u5efa\u6784\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u601d\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5212\u62e8\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u7ecf\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u540c\u610f\uff1b\u5728\u5408\u540c\u7b7e\u5b9a\u4e4b\u540e\u3001\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8d8a\u6743\u4ea4\u6613\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u89c6\u8be5\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5f84\u81ea\u5c06\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u540d\u4e0b\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5c65\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6548\u7684\u5408\u540c\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6848\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5728\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u51b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u201d\u5bf9\u6297\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6c11\u6cd5\u6240\u9002\u7528\u7684\u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u662f\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u7586\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5f53\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u52a0\u533a\u5206\u5730\u628a\u516c\u7acb\u548c\u79c1\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u3001\u8425\u5229\u548c\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\u800c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u540c\u8d28\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u4e8b\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u88ab\u62df\u5236\u5730\u8d4b\u4e88\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9690\u55bb\u3002\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u672c\u6765\u662f\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u672c\u6765\u53ea\u5e94\u5f53\u7528\u4e8e\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u6309\u7167\u76ee\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5904\u5206\u5b83\u540d\u4e0b\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u662f\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u758f\u4e8e\u76d1\u7ba1\u5219\u662f\u5931\u804c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6848\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u504f\u8892\u5bf9\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ec0\u4e48\u6cd5\u4eba\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u771f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>5<span>\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5371\u9669\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9519\u8bef\u4e0d\u6b62\u505c\u7559\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u9519\u8bef\u80fd\u7ed9\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9519\u8bef\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u201c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u529e\u4e8b\u201d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u4e0b\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u8d70\u8fdb\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u548c\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">1.<span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u88ab\u544a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4f9d\u636e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u6216\u8005\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u6388\u6743\u800c\u884c\u4f7f\u516c\u6743\u529b\u3001\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4eba\u5f97\u8bf7\u6c42\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u67e5\u8be5\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/span>[39]<span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5217\u4e3e\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u89c6\u540c\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u5f97\u4e3a\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u88ab\u544a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u539f\u544a\uff1a\u88ab\u544a\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u544a\u5374\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7406\u7531\u8ba4\u4e3a\u88ab\u544a\u786e\u786e\u5b9e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>6<span>\uff1a\u539f\u544a\u9519\u5c06\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u8ba4\u4f5c\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\uff1a\u8d75\u6c38\u80dc\u4e0d\u670d\u6263\u62bc\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u8bc9\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u6848\uff08<\/span>1996<span>\u5e74\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6848\uff09<\/span>[40]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u539f\u544a<\/span>Z<span>\u627f\u79df\u4e86\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u5355\u5143\u623f\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7528\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u8f6c\u79df\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u5929\uff0c<\/span>R<span>\u5973\u58eb\u6301\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u623f\u7ba1\u79d1\u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u5165\u4f4f\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u94a5\u5319\u627e\u4e0a\u95e8\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u624d\u662f\u5355\u5143\u623f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u627f\u79df\u4eba\uff0c<\/span>Z<span>\u59cb\u77e5\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u201c\u51fa\u79df\u4eba\u201d\u6240\u6b3a\u9a97\u3002\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u79f0\uff1a\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\uff09\u7684\u8b66\u5bdf\u968f\u5373\u5bf9<\/span>Z<span>\u8fdb\u884c\u76d8\u95ee\u3001\u641c\u8eab\u548c\u641c\u67e5\uff0c\u53d6\u8d70<\/span>Z<span>\u7684\u5bfb\u547c\u673a\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06<\/span>Z<span>\u5e26\u5230\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u95ee\u8bdd\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u51cc\u6668<\/span>4<span>\u70b9\uff0c<\/span>Z<span>\u624d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u79bb\u5f00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Z<span>\u5411\u6d77\u6dc0\u533a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u8d77\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u79f0\uff1a\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u6263\u62bc\u79c1\u4eba\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5224\u4ee4\u88ab\u544a\u8fd4\u8fd8\u79c1\u4eba\u8d22\u7269\u5e76\u8d54\u507f\u635f\u5931\u3002\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u79f0\uff1a<\/span>Z<span>\u4e0d\u662f\u623f\u4e3b\uff0c\u6c11\u8b66\u4f9d\u7167\u300a\u6cbb\u5b89\u7ba1\u7406\u5904\u7f5a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u6cd5\u4fb5\u5360\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f4f\u5b85\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u5c06<\/span>Z<span>\u5e26\u5230\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u76d8\u95ee\u3002\u7ecf\u67e5\u660e\uff0c<\/span>Z<span>\u5c5e\u975e\u6cd5\u51fa\u79df\u516c\u623f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u6cbb\u5b89\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u7ba1\u8f96\uff0c\u5bfb\u547c\u673a\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u7535\u8bdd\u662f\u623f\u4ea7\u79d1\u6263\u62bc\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u662f\uff1a\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6cbb\u5b89\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u201d\u3002\u201c<\/span>1996<span>\u5e74<\/span>11<span>\u6708<\/span>6<span>\u65e5\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u6279\u51c6\u539f\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u6d77\u6dc0\u5206\u5c40\u6e05\u534e\u56ed\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u6539\u5efa\u4e3a\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u515a\u59d4\u5c31\u8be5\u6240\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u4eba\u5458\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7ecf\u8d39\u5f00\u652f\u7b49\u4e8b\u9879\u8ba2\u7acb\u4e86\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u548c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u4fdd\u536b\u90e8\u5408\u7f72\u529e\u516c\u3001\u5f52\u5c5e\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u515a\u59d4\u548c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u5171\u540c\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u81ea\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6c11\u8b66\u5168\u90e8\u5217\u5165\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7f16\u5236\uff0c\u529e\u516c\u7ecf\u8d39\u4e5f\u7531\u5b66\u6821\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8d39\u5f00\u652f\u3002<\/span>1992<span>\u5e74<\/span>7<span>\u6708<\/span>1<span>\u65e5\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u8b66\u5bdf\u8b66\u8854\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u3001<\/span>1995<span>\u5e74<\/span>2<span>\u6708<\/span>28<span>\u65e5\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u8b66\u5bdf\u6cd5\u300b\u9881\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u6240\u6c11\u8b66\u5747\u672a\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u8b66\u8854\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u5217\u5165\u516c\u5b89\u673a\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u8b66\u5bdf\u7cfb\u5217\u3002\u201d\u8be5\u6848\u7ed3\u5c40\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u539f\u544a\u4ee5\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u5411\u6cd5\u9662\u7533\u8bf7\u64a4\u56de\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u53e6\u884c\u8d77\u8bc9\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>6<span>\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u88ab\u544a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u662f\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u5f53\u5c40\u5171\u540c\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u662f\u5426\u5217\u5165\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7f16\u5236\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u672c\u5e94\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u6309\u7167\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u4f7f\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u514d\u4e8e\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff1b<\/span>[41]<span>\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u987a\u4ece\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u628a\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u516c\u5b89\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u662f\u201c\u5e02\u3001\u53bf\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u7ba1\u7406\u6cbb\u5b89\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6d3e\u51fa\u673a\u5173\u201d\u3002<\/span>[42]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">2.<span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u673a\u6784\u80fd\u5426\u9002\u7528\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u6587\u800c\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u6216\u8005\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5173\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\uff0c\u672c\u62a5\u544a\u5728\u6b64\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u5211\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u88ab\u544a\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u533a\u5206\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u81f3\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>385<span>\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>163<span>\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201d\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4e0e\u516c\u6743\u529b\u6709\u5173\u7684\u53d7\u8d3f\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u4e0e\u516c\u6743\u529b\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u53d7\u8d3f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6070\u5de7\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u7684\u533a\u5206\u63d0\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\uff08<\/span>1<span>\uff09\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u8be5\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u201c\u5e72\u90e8\u201d\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u89c6\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>385<span>\u6761\uff0c\u5217\u4e3a\u8d3f\u8d42\u7f6a\u7684\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d89\u53ca\u8bc1\u5238\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\uff1a\u8bc1\u76d1\u4f1a\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u201d\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u9996\u5148\u8bf7\u793a\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53c8\u8bf7\u793a\u201c\u4e2d\u7f16\u529e\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u7f16\u529e\u201d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u8bc1\u76d1\u4f1a\u662f\u201c\u5177\u6709\u884c\u653f\u804c\u8d23\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff0c\u8bc1\u76d1\u4f1a\u201c\u5e72\u90e8\u5e94\u89c6\u540c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u201d\u3002<\/span>[43]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\uff08<\/span>2<span>\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201d\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u53d7\u201c\u59d4\u6d3e\u201d\u800c\u201c\u4ece\u4e8b\u516c\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>93<span>\u6761\uff09\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89e3\u91ca\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4f5b\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5211\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bf9\u975e\u53d7\u59d4\u6258\u4ece\u4e8b\u516c\u52a1\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5229\u7528\u804c\u52a1\u4e4b\u4fbf\u6536\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u8d22\u7269\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u8c0b\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6309\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u6216\u8005\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u8ffd\u7a76\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u201d<\/span>[44]<span>\u5f53\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u9762\u5bf9\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u201c\u59d4\u6d3e\u201d\u800c\u4ece\u4e8b\u201c\u516c\u52a1\u201d\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u533a\u5206\u7f6a\u4e0e\u975e\u7f6a\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u597d\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/span>[45]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\uff08<\/span>3<span>\uff09\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u673a\u6784\u59d4\u6d3e\u800c\u884c\u4f7f\u67d0\u79cd\u516c\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002<\/span>2003<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u9996\u90fd\u4f53\u80b2\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u8db3\u7403\u88c1\u5224\u5458\u9f9a\u5efa\u5e73\u6536\u53d7\u5229\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u7269\uff0c\u6789\u6cd5\u88c1\u5224\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u5ba3\u6b66\u533a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u8ba4\u5b9a\u9f9a\u5efa\u5e73\u72af\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\uff0c\u5224\u5904\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211<\/span>10<span>\u5e74\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9f9a\u5efa\u5e73\u6240\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u201c\u9996\u90fd\u4f53\u80b2\u5b66\u9662\u201d\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u672c\u6848\u6709\u5173\u7684\u516c\u6743\u529b\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u9f9a\u5efa\u5e73\u662f\u53d7\u4e2d\u56fd\u8db3\u7403\u534f\u4f1a\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\uff1a\u8db3\u534f\uff09\u6307\u6d3e\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8db3\u7403\u8054\u8d5b\u4e2d\u62c5\u4efb\u88c1\u5224\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>93<span>\u6761\u6240\u79f0\u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f9d\u7167\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ece\u4e8b\u516c\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u201d\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u8bba\uff0c\u6309\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u8bba\u5904\u3002<\/span>[46]<span>\u6cd5\u9662\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u5199\u8fdb\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\uff1a\u8db3\u534f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u9f9a\u5efa\u5e73\u53d7\u8db3\u534f\u59d4\u6d3e\u62c5\u4efb\u88c1\u5224\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4f9d\u7167\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ece\u4e8b\u516c\u52a1\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u9662\u7acb\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u8db3\u534f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8db3\u534f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\uff1f\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8db3\u534f\u662f\u201c\u4f53\u80b2\u6cd5\u201d\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u4f53\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u201d\uff0c<\/span>[47]<span>\u8db3\u534f\u5728\u5176\u7ae0\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u613f\u7ed3\u6210\u7684\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u975e\u8425\u5229\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\uff1b<\/span>[48]<span>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8db3\u534f\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u80b2\u603b\u5c40\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8db3\u7403\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u5957\u73ed\u5b50\uff0c\u4e24\u5757\u724c\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u8db3\u534f\u7684\u6743\u529b\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5757\u724c\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u58f0\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u8db3\u534f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u662f\u201c\u900f\u8fc7\u73b0\u8c61\u770b\u672c\u8d28\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8fd8\u662f\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u8db3\u534f\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4e0e\u516c\u6743\u529b\u6709\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u4efb\u547d\u88c1\u5224\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u201c\u59d4\u6d3e\u201d\uff1f\u5728\u6bd4\u8d5b\u73b0\u573a\u62c5\u4efb\u8db3\u7403\u88c1\u5224\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u4f7f\u516c\u6743\u529b\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u6709\u5173\u9f9a\u5efa\u5e73\u6848\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u7684\u6279\u590d\u662f\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\u7684\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8db3\u534f\u88c1\u5224\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u7684\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f5b\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u6536\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u94b1\u8d22\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\uff08<\/span>4<span>\uff09\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u81ea\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u7684\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u6309\u7167\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>387<span>\u6761\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u6536\u53d6\u8d3f\u8d42\uff0c\u8be5\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u672c\u8eab\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8d23\u4efb\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201d\u3002<\/span>[49]<span>\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>387<span>\u6761\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u8be5\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5168\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u6536\u53d6\u8d3f\u8d42\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u672a\u5fc5\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u6216\u8005\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u884c\u8d3f\u8005\u628a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u53bb\u4e70\u901a\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u516c\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\uff08<\/span>5<span>\uff09\u201c\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201d\u662f\u6307\u516c\u53f8\u96c7\u5458\u6216\u8005\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u201c\u5403\u91cc\u6252\u5916\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u516c\u53f8\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u6536\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u516c\u53f8\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u8c0b\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u6765\u548c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u7684<\/span>,<span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201d\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c<\/span>2006<span>\u5e74<\/span>6<span>\u6708\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4fee\u6b63\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>163<span>\u6761\u628a\u201c\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201d\u7684\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\u4ece\u201c\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u201d\u6269\u5927\u5230\u201c\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u6536\u53d7\u8d3f\u8d42\u4ea6\u53d7\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>163<span>\u6761\u7ba1\u675f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u53d7\u8d3f\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u53d7\u8d3f\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\uff1a\u5728\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u53d7\u8d3f\u901a\u5e38\u4f34\u968f\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\uff1b\u5728\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u53d7\u8d3f\u901a\u5e38\u4f34\u968f\u79c1\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u80cc\u4fe1\u5f03\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u4ee5\u8d3f\u8d42\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u6ee5\u7528\u516c\u6743\u529b\u6709\u5173\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u628a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7eb3\u5165\u201c\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u53d7\u8d3f\uff1a\u7275\u6d89\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u53d7\u8d3f\u6309\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>385<span>\u6761\u8bba\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7275\u6d89\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u53d7\u8d3f\u6309\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>163<span>\u6761\u8bba\u7f6a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5211\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fdb\u6b65\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u7684\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\uff1b\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0e\u516c\u6743\u529b\u6ca1\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eba\u6536\u4e70\uff0c\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u8c0b\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u6784\u6210\u53d7\u8d3f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">3.<span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>7<span>\uff1a\u5927\u5b66\u9881\u53d1\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff1a\u7530\u6c38\u8bc9\u5317\u4eac\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u62d2\u7edd\u9881\u53d1\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bc1\u3001\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6848<\/span><span> <\/span>[50]<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u539f\u544a\u4e3a\u672c\u79d1\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u6d89\u5acc\u8003\u8bd5\u4f5c\u5f0a\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6821\u65b9\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u5904\u5206\uff0c\u53c8\u56e0\u7eaa\u5f8b\u5904\u5206\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u201c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\u3002\u539f\u544a\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u6821\u65b9\u62d2\u7edd\u6388\u4e88\u201c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\u662f\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6cd5\u9662\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u5b66\u9881\u53d1\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u6d3e\u9063\u8bc1\u3002\u88ab\u544a\u5219\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u6821\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6821\u89c4\u3001\u6821\u7eaa\u53ca\u4f9d\u636e\u8be5\u6821\u89c4\u3001\u6821\u7eaa\u5bf9\u6240\u5c5e\u5b66\u751f\u4f5c\u51fa\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u529e\u5b66\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6d77\u6dc0\u533a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u62d2\u7edd\u7ed9\u5728\u6821\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u9881\u53d1\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u5f8b\u8c41\u514d\u53f8\u6cd5\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u201c\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b83\u884c\u4f7f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u804c\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u56e2\u4f53\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u76f8\u5bf9\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u56e0\u7ba1\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002\u2026\u2026\u672c\u6848\u88ab\u544a\u5317\u4eac\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u4ece\u4e8b\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u7530\u6c38\u8bc9\u8bf7\u5176\u9881\u53d1\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bc1\u3001\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4f7f\u5bf9\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u9881\u53d1\u5b66\u4e1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\u65f6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u884c\u653f\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u7528\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u4e88\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u201d\u7b2c\u4e8c<\/span>,<span>\u5b66\u6821\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u3001\u5904\u5206\u4e0d\u662f<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u201c\u5185\u90e8\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d7\u53f8\u6cd5\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u6d77\u6dc0\u533a\u6cd5\u9662\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u539f\u544a\u7530\u6c38\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u88ab\u544a\u5317\u4eac\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bc1\u3001\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\uff0c\u8d77\u56e0\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7530\u6c38\u5df2\u88ab\u6309\u9000\u5b66\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u5b66\u7c4d\u3002\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>28<span>\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u884c\u4f7f\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\uff08\u56db\uff09\u9879\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u2018\u5bf9\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u7c4d\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u5956\u52b1\u6216\u8005\u5904\u5206\u2019\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\u5b66\u7c4d\u7ba1\u7406\u4e5f\u662f\u5b66\u6821\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5bf9\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u201d\u6cd5\u9662\u4f5c\u51fa\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u5b66\u5411\u539f\u544a\u9881\u53d1\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u6d3e\u9063\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5728\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>7<span>\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u62e5\u6709\u516c\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u884c\u4f7f\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e94\u53d7\u53f8\u6cd5\u5ba1\u67e5\uff1b\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4f9d\u636e\u516c\u6743\u529b\u6388\u4e88\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6388\u4e88\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e94\u53d7\u53f8\u6cd5\u5ba1\u67e5<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e09\u6bb5\u8bba\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span>[51]<span>\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u6cd5\u9662\u80fd\u5426\u6307\u4ee4\u5b66\u6821\u6388\u4e88\u5b66\u4f4d\uff1f\u6cd5\u9662\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u7ed9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u9881\u53d1\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff1b\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6050\u6015\u53ea\u80fd\u9650\u4e8e\u5ba1\u67e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5927\u5b66\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u503e\u542c\u4e86\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u548c\u7533\u8fa9\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee3\u66ff\u5927\u5b66\u53bb\u9881\u53d1\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u5c0f\u7ed3\uff1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u7684\u533a\u5206\u8d2f\u901a\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bef\u533a\uff1a\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u673a\u6784\u5206\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u5c42\u9762\u5f97\u5230\u5370\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u5728\u4fee\u6b63\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5206\u7c7b\u5728\u6539\u5199\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7528\u5e38\u7406\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u6761\u53bb\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u9002\u5ea6\u533a\u5206\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u5728\u6cbb\u7406\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u673a\u5173\u5e94\u5f53\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u9075\u4ece\u4e0a\u7ea7\u6743\u5a01\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5e94\u5f53\u5408\u4e8c\u4e3a\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u5f3a\u884c\u533a\u5206\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u5728\u4e13\u9879\u7ecf\u8d39\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u9884\u7b97\u7ea6\u675f\u65b9\u9762\uff1b\u5728\u6536\u53d7\u94b1\u8d22\u662f\u5426\u6784\u6210\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u8981\u770b\u662f\u5426\u7275\u6d89\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u88ab\u544a\u6240\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u673a\u5173\u8fd8\u662f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5165\u7f6a\u51fa\u7f6a\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u56db\u3001<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d<\/span>\u201d<span>\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u6211\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u7f8e\u56fd\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u56fd\u5916\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u4f3c\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u62bd\u53d6\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5982\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u5b83\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>1.<span>\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u5177\uff1f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u56de\u7b54\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u8bef\u5bfc\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u5177\u4f53\u573a\u666f\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51cf\u635f\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u610f<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e49\u3002\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4e13\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u3001\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u8bbc\u4e89\u5b9e\u76ca\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u624d\u9700\u8981\u8d39\u5fc3\u601d\u8003<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u53f8\u6cd5\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8fb9\u754c\u662f\u6848\u4ef6\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u603b<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u6f84\u6e05\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u52b3\u6c38\u9038\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5219\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bb6\u900f\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u53bb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5206\u573a\u666f\u5730\u5957\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>2.<span>\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\uff08<\/span>RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY<span>\uff09\u5728\u5df2\u5f80\u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u591a\u6b21\u6d89\u8bbc<\/span>,<span>\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u662f<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5dde\u5c5e\u673a\u5173<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff08<\/span>state agency<span>\uff09\u3001\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u53d8\u8eab<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff08<\/span>alter ego<span>\uff09\u6216\u8005<\/span>\u201c<span>\u804c\u80fd\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff08<\/span>instrumentality<span>\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6848\u4ef6\u6cd5\u9662\u53c8\u88c1\u5b9a<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u5728\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u770b\u6765\uff0c<\/span> Rutgers<span>\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u603b\u662f\u968f\u7740\u6848\u4ef6\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u9002\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span>[52]<\/p>\n<p><span>\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde<\/span>1956<span>\u5e74\u7684<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5<\/span>[53]<span>\u5c06\u8be5\u5927\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4ee5\u8425\u8fd0\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u673a\u6784\uff08<\/span>instrumentality of the state for the purpose of operating the state university<span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u201d<span>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728<\/span>Frank Briscoe Co., Inc. v. Rutgers<span>\u6848\uff0c<\/span>[54]<span>\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u5408\u540c\u8d23\u4efb\u6cd5\uff08<\/span>New Jersey Contractual Liability Act<span>\uff09<\/span>[55]<span>\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u7528\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u516c\u6743\u673a\u6784\uff08<\/span>public agency<span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u4e49\u52a1\u8d1f\u8d23\uff1b\u5728<\/span>Kovats v. Rutgers<span>\u6848\uff0c<\/span>[56]<span>\u539f\u544a\u4f9d\u636e\u8054\u90a6\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u96c7\u4f63\u6b67\u89c6\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u8981\u6c42<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u4e88\u4ee5\u8d54\u507f\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u6743\u8861\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u7ba1\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u8bba\uff1a<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u5219\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5dde\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u3001\u53d8\u8eab\u6216\u8005\u4e0e\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u5c5e\u4e00\u4f53\u3002\u6b63\u5982<\/span>Seymour<span>\u6848\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u6240\u8a00\uff1a<\/span>\u201c 1956<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u5f53\u5c40\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u6cd5\uff0c\u521b\u8bbe\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u517c\u6709\u516c\u3001\u79c1\u53cc\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5728\u4fb5\u6743\u8bc9\u613f\u6cd5\u3001\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u77e5\u6653\u6743\u548c\u8c41\u514d\u5730\u65b9\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u7a0e\u7b49\u95ee\u9898<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u6cd5\u9662\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4e88<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8d4b\u4e88<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u516c\u5171\u8eab\u4efd\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ae0\u7a0b<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u6216\u8005\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u521d\u8877\uff0c<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u901a\u5e38\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span>\u201d [57]<\/p>\n<p><span>\u5c3d\u7ba1<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u5730\u628a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u804c\u80fd\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u59a8\u788d\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u5408\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u3001\u5728\u4e0e\u6c11\u6743\u6709\u5173\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u6210\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1b\u5c3d<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7ba1\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u5148\u4f8b\u628a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u59a8\u788d\u540c\u4e00\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u628a\u5b83\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u3002\u4ece<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u5927\u5b66\u6d89\u8bbc<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff1a\u754c\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u7ed3\u5408\u521b\u8bbe\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u5f53\u4e0b\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bdd\u9898\u6240\u7275\u6d89\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u628a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u666e\u904d\u5957\u7528<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u53bb\u5207\u5272\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u5851\u73b0\u5b9e<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u51fa\u521b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5185\u6db5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>3.<span>\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e89\u8fa9\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\uff1f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e89\u8fa9\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u54ea\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u6ce8\u91cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9700\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e89\u8fa9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9e\u76ca\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u516c\u7acb\u5b66<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u6821\u6210\u4e3a\u88ab\u544a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4eab\u6709\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff08\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d\uff0c<\/span>sovereignty immunity<span>\uff09\uff0c<\/span>[58]<span>\u5373\uff1a\u672a\u7ecf\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5dde\u4e0d\u5f97\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u3001\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u6848\u7531\u3001\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5ead\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\uff1b\u8c41\u514d\u6761\u6b3e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u4e3a\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9002\u7528\u4e8e<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4ee5\u5dde\u5b98\u5458\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u88ab\u544a\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6307\u5411\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5206\u4e3a\u8054\u90a6\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u5dde\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5f7c\u6b64\u606a\u5b88\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9886\u5730\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u5bf9<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u672c\u5dde\u6216\u8005\u5916\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u53d1\u52a8\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u9610\u8ff0\u662f\uff1a\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6743\u8005\u65e0\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u4e3b\u6743\u8005\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d\uff08\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d\uff09\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a\uff08<\/span>1<span>\uff09\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u8fdd\u5baa\u5ba1\u67e5\uff1b\uff08<\/span>2<span>\uff09\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u6388\u6743\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8868\u793a\u5e9f\u9664<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\uff08<\/span>abrogation<span>\uff09\u67d0\u4e9b\u8c41\u514d\uff1b\uff08<\/span>3<span>\uff09\u4e3b\u6743\u5f53\u5c40\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u6216\u8005\u884c\u52a8\u8868\u793a\u5f03\u6743\uff08<\/span> waiver <span>\uff09\uff1b\uff08<\/span>4<span>\uff09\u6cd5\u9662\u5f97\u9488\u5bf9\u5b98\u5458\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u51b3\u6216\u8005\u9881\u53d1\u7981\u4ee4\u3002<\/span>[59]<\/p>\n<p><span>\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\uff1f<\/span>[60]<span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5b98\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u8fd8\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u673a<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u6784\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/span> [61](1) <span>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u5bf9\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff1f<\/span>(2) <span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5dde\u8d22\u653f\u4e70\u5355\uff1f<\/span>(3) <span>\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u7528\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7ecf\u8d39\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff08<\/span>non-state funds<span>\uff09\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u5224\u51b3\uff1f<\/span>(4) <span>\u6848\u4ef6\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u5176\u6027\u8d28\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8005\u804c\u80fd\uff1f<\/span>(5) <span>\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u5426\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u6cd5\u4eba\uff1f<\/span>(6) <span>\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u8425\u8fd0\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\uff1f<\/span>(7) <span>\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u8d77\u8bc9\u548c\u88ab\u8bc9\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1f<\/span>(8) <span>\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u540d\u4e49\u5145\u4efb\u5408\u540c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1f<\/span>(9) <span>\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u7a0e\u8d4b\u8c41\u514d\uff1f<\/span>(10) <span>\u5dde\u662f\u5426\u8c41\u514d\u4e86\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u8425\u8fd0\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/span>10<span>\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u80fd\u591f\u5355\u72ec\u51b3\u5b9a\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5e73\u8861\u6848\u4ef6\u7275\u6d89\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5fc3\u8bc1\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>4.<span>\u5728\u6cd5\u9662\u7ed9\u4e88\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u5426\u5b9a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u5176\u63a8\u7406\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5957\u8def\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(1)\u201c<span>\u53d8\u8eab\u8bf4<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5728<\/span>Hall v. Medical College of Ohio at Toledo<span>\u6848\uff0c<\/span>[62]<span>\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u751f\u8d77\u8bc9\u4ed6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u540e\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8363\u8a89\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u80fd\u591f\u52a8\u7528\u5dde\u8d22\u653f\u62e8\u6b3e\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u51b3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4e0d\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5dde\u7acb\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u53d1\u884c\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u503a\u5238\u53d1\u884c\u53d7\u5230\u5dde\u7acb\u6cd5\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u7ba1\u5236\uff1b\u5dde\u7acb\u533b<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u9662\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u5728\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u540d\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u62e8\u6b3e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6536\u5165\uff09\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u5e76\u8d26\u6237\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff1b\u5dde\u6cd5\u5c06\u5dde\u7acb\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u516c\u6743\u673a\u6784\uff1b\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5dde\u7acb\u533b<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5b66\u9662\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5f81\u7a0e\u53bb\u7b79\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5dde\u7acb\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u662f\u5dde\u7684\u53d8\u8eab<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u4fdd<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u62a4\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(2)\u201c<span>\u4e00\u4eba\u8bf4<\/span>\u201d<span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6700\u7ec8\u63a7\u5236\u8bf4<\/span>\u201d<span>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5dde\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u5c06\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5b98\u529e\u516c\u53f8<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff08<\/span>public corporation<span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u628a\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u770b\u505a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u5176\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u6848\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f97\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u628a\u516c\u7acb\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6b21\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u533a\u5212<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff08<\/span>political subdivisions<span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<span>\u591a\u6570\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u5386\u6765\u628a\u516c\u7acb\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u89c6\u4e3a\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u81c2\u8180\uff0c\u4f9d\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u800c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8ffd\u53ca\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7ec4<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\uff08\u9488\u5bf9\u516c\u7acb\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\uff09\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff1a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\u3002<\/span>\u201d [63]<\/p>\n<p>1979<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u540d\u804c\u5458\u8bc9\u5fb7\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u51b3\uff1a\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u548c\u5fb7\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u6240\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff08<\/span>\u2026\u2026the State of Texas and Texas Tech were essentially the same entity\u2026\u2026<span>\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5728\u6cbb\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8d22\u52a1\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/span>\u201d[64].<span>\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span>University of Kansas\u201c<span>\u7edd\u5bf9<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5904\u4e8e\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6388\u4e88\u5927\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u529b\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u963b\u6b62\u5dde\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u6cd5\u5f8b\u800c\u9650\u5236\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6743<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u9650\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u638c\u63e1\u7740<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6700\u7ec8\u63a7\u5236<\/span>\u201d<span>\u6743\u3002<\/span>[65]<\/p>\n<p>(3)\u201c<span>\u804c\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u8bf4<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5728<\/span>Wellman v. Trustees of Purdue University<span>\u6848\uff0c<\/span>[66]<span>\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u91cd\u70b9\u5206\u6790\u6d89\u6848\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u6709\u6743\u529b\u8d2d\u4e70\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u53d1\u884c\u503a\u5238\u3001\u4ee5\u5927\u5b66<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u63a5\u53d7\u73b0\u91d1\u548c\u975e\u73b0\u91d1\u8d60\u4e88\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u5927\u5b66\u7684<\/span>10<span>\u540d\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<\/span>7<span>\u540d\u7531\u5dde\u957f\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u5c31\u66fe\u7ecf\u628a\u8be5\u5927\u5b66\u770b\u6210<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5dde\u7684\u4e00<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e2a\u804c\u80fd\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff08<\/span>an instrumentality of the state<span>\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6848\uff0c\u8be5\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u53ea\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53bb\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\uff1a<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u9879\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7531\u5dde\u8d22\u653f\u8d1f\u62c5\u7ed9\u4ed8\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u800c\u4eab\u6709\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u8c41\u514d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(4)\u201c<span>\u81c2\u8180\u8bf4<\/span>\u201d<span>\u548c<\/span>DEAN GRAHAM<span>\u6848<\/span> [67]<span>\u539f\u544a\u662f<\/span>Colorado<span>\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u662f\u5730\u4ea7\u4e0e\u539f\u544a\u6bd7\u90bb\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u672c\u5730\u5c45\u6c11<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ecf\u8425\u6d1b\u57fa\u5c71\u7684\u9a6c\u80cc\u65c5\u6e38\u751f\u610f\u3002\u539f\u544a\u6307\u63a7\u88ab\u544a\u957f\u671f\u975e\u6cd5\u5165\u4fb5<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u5728\u539f\u544a\u7684<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5730\u4ea7\u4e0a\u905b\u9a6c\u3001\u653e\u9a6c\u3001\u8f7d\u6e38\u5ba2\u6284\u8fd1\u8def\u4e0a\u5c71\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u539f\u544a\u5730\u4ea7\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u9000\u5316\u3002\u539f\u544a\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u9662\u9881\u53d1\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u88ab\u544a\u5165\u4fb5\u539f\u544a\u5730\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u8d54\u507f\u635f\u5931\u3002\u521d\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u9881<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u53d1\u521d\u7ea7\u7981\u6b62\u4ee4\u3002\u88ab\u544a\u63d0\u8d77\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u8bc9\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\uff1a\u539f\u544a\u5b58\u6709\u6076\u610f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3001\u9634\u8c0b\u3001\u4fb5\u72af\u88ab\u544a\u8fdb\u5165\u516c\u5171\u7528\u5730\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u7ed9\u88ab\u544a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u5e94\u8d1f\u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u88ab<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u544a\u4e3b\u5f20\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a<\/span>:\u201c<span>\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba<\/span>\u2026\u2026<span>\u81f4\u4f7f\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u6c11\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3001\u7279\u6743\u6216\u8005\u8c41\u514d\u88ab\u5265\u593a\uff0c\u5f97\u5bf9\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u8d1f\u5176\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span>\u201d [68]<\/p>\n<p><span>\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728<\/span>1921<span>\u5e74<\/span>5<span>\u6708<\/span>1<span>\u65e5\u4e4b\u524d\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u5171\u901a\u9053<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7cfb\u4e89\u7684\u6bd7\u90bb\u571f\u5730\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u5df2\u662f\u516c\u7528\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5171\u901a\u9053<\/span>\u201d<span>\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d\u4e3a\u7531\u9a73\u56de\u4e86\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8d54\u507f\u8bf7\u6c42<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u4f9d\u636e\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848<\/span>1983<span>\u8282\u63d0\u8d77\u8d54\u507f\u4e4b\u8bc9\u5c5e\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u7ba1\u8f96\uff0c\u5f53\u8bc9\u8bbc\u9488\u5bf9\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u9662\u65e0\u6743\u53d7\u7406\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u660e\u786e\u653e\u5f03\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u88ab\u544a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u6240\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u83b7\u5f97\u8d54\u507f\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u9042\u5411\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u8d77\u4e0a\u8bc9\u3002\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b64\u6848\u7cfb\u4e89\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5c31\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848<\/span>1983 <span>\u8282\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u539f\u544a<\/span>Colorado<span>\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u2018<span>\u4eba<\/span>\u2019<span>\uff1f<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff08<\/span>whether UNC is a person for purposes of 1983<span>\uff09\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d\u4e3a\u7406\u7531\u62d2\u7edd\u88ab\u544a\uff08\u53cd\u8bc9\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u53cd\u8bc9\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\uff1f<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5dde\u7acb\u5b66\u9662\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u884c\u653f\u548c\u8d22\u52a1\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u5b83\u65e0\u7591\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u8d22\u52a1\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4efd\u4ee4\u5dde\u7acb\u5b66\u9662\u627f\u62c5\u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5224\u51b3\uff0c<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u662f\u7531\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u91d1\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u800c\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u624d\u662f\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6709\u5229\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u3002\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff1a\u5dde\u7acb\u5b66\u9662\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u81c2\u8180\u3002<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5df2\u5f80\uff0c\u6839\u636e<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u800c\u5728\u8be5\u5dde\u63d0\u8d77\u9488\u5bf9\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u9002\u683c\u88ab\u544a\u4e5f\u662f<\/span>Colorado<span>\u8d54\u507f\u4fdd\u9669\u7f72\uff08<\/span>Colorado Compensation Insurance Authority<span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u5b9a\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4e3a\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u81c2\u8180<\/span>\u201d<span>\u3001<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5de5\u5177<\/span>\u201d<span>\u3001<\/span>\u201c<span>\u53d8\u8eab<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5bfc\u5411\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5224\u51b3<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u65e2\u7136\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4e0e\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u5b9e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4fdd\u62a4\u800c\u62e5\u6709\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>5.<span>\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u5927\u81f4\u9075\u5faa\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bf4\u7406\u5957\u8def\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(1) \u201c<span>\u6b21\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u533a\u5212\u8bf4<\/span>\u201d<span>\u6821\u533a\u5185\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u81c2\u8180\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u628a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5dde<\/span>\u201d<span>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u653f\u5206\u533a\uff08\u53bf\u3001\u5e02\uff09\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6b21\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u533a\u5212<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u5728\u7275\u6d89\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u9002<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7528\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5dde<\/span>\u201d<span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6b21\u7ea7\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u800c\u6821\u533a\uff08<\/span>school districts<span>\uff09\u5219\u7eb3\u5165<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6b21\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u533a\u5212<\/span>\u201d<span>\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u5728<\/span>DOYLE<span>\u6848\uff0c<\/span>Ohio<span>\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u88ab\u89e3\u96c7\u4e4b\u540e\u6307\u63a7\u6821\u65b9\u7528\u89e3\u96c7\u53bb\u60e9\u7f5a\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6821\u65b9\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u521d\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u539f\u544a\u7684\u88c1\u5b9a\u3002\u88ab\u544a\u63d0\u8d77\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u4e3b<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5f20\uff1a\u516c\u7acb\u4e2d\u5b66\u662f\u5dde\u7684\u81c2\u8180\uff0c\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u6848\u4ef6\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5230\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u3002\u88ab\u544a\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u81c2\u8180\u800c\u6709\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u6b63\u6848\u4fdd\u62a4\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e02\u653f\u516c\u53f8\uff08<\/span>municipal corporation<span>\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6b21\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u533a\u5212\uff1f\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u89c1\u662f\uff1a\u6839\u636e<\/span>Ohio<span>\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5dde<\/span>\u201d<span>\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6b21\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u533a\u5212<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u800c\u6821\u533a\u5219\u5c5e\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6b21\u7ea7<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u653f\u6cbb\u533a\u5212<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u4e0a\u8bc9\u4eba\uff08\u88ab\u544a\uff09\u662f\u5dde\u5883\u5185\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u5b66\u6821\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u5b66\u6821\u63a5\u53d7\u5dde\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u91cf\u5dde\u62e8\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5b66\u6821\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6743\u529b\u53bb\u53d1\u884c\u503a\u5238\uff0c<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5728\u5dde\u6cd5\u9650\u5236\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5f81\u7a0e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5b66\u6821\u66f4\u50cf\u53bf\u3001\u5e02\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u6b21\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u533a\u5212\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50cf\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u81c2\u8180\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5b66\u6821\u4e0d\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/span> [69]<\/p>\n<p><span>\u5728<\/span>Goss v. San Jacinto Junior College<span>\u6848\uff0c<\/span>[70].<span>\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u4e00\u540d\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u5e08\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ec4\u5efa\u6559\u5e08\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u6821\u65b9\u89e3\u96c7\uff0c\u5979\u4ee5\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>1983<span>\u8282\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u88ab\u544a\u4fb5\u72af\u539f\u544a\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6743<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5229\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u5730\u533a\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002\u521d\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6821\u65b9\u7684\u89e3\u96c7\u4e3a\u62a5\u590d\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5224\u51b3\u6821\u65b9\u7ed9\u4e88\u539f\u544a\u8d54\u507f\u3002\u6821\u65b9\u63d0\u8d77\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u5b66\u9662\u662f\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4fdd\u62a4\u800c\u4eab\u6709\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5fb7\u5dde\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u548c\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b21\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u533a\u5212\u3002\u8be5\u5dde\u7684<\/span>Junior Colleges <span>\u90fd\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531\u5730\u65b9\u53d1\u8d77\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6536\u8d44\u52a9\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5dde\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(2) <span>\u5b9e\u4f53\u8bf4<\/span>:Clemson<span>\u6848<\/span> [71]<span>\u672c\u6848\u88ab\u544a\u5357\u52a0\u5dde\u514b\u83b1\u68ee\u519c\u4e1a\u5b66\u9662\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5dde\u8bae\u4f1a\u7279\u8bb8\u72b6\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5b98\u529e\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/span>1894<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5b66\u9662\u6839\u636e\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6388\u6743\u4fee\u5efa\u6c34\u575d\uff0c\u6c34\u575d\u9020\u6210\u6cb3\u9053<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u53d8\u7a84\uff0c\u6c34\u6d41\u6e4d\u6025\uff0c\u5824\u5cb8\u5d29\u584c\uff0c\u51b2\u6bc1\u4e86\u539f\u544a\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u9042\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u6848\u4ef6\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5230\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\u548c\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b98\u529e\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4fee\u5efa\u6c34\u575d\u662f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c34\u575d\u548c\u5468\u8fb9\u571f\u5730\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u9488\u5bf9\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4ee5\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e3a\u88ab\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u62e5\u6709\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5dde\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u88ab\u544a\u8d56\u4ee5\u8bbe<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7acb\u7684\u7279\u8bb8\u72b6\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4e88\u88ab\u544a\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u88ab\u544a\u5177\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u662f\u4ee5\u5357\u52a0\u5dde\u514b\u83b1\u68ee\u519c\u4e1a\u5b66\u9662\u4e3a\u540d\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08<\/span>a body politic and corporate<span>\uff09<\/span>\u201d<span>\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8bbe\u7acb\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u7279\u8bb8\u72b6\uff0c\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5f97\u62e5\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u5370\u7ae0\u5e76\u6309\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u613f\u53d8\u66f4\u4e4b\uff1b\u5f97\u5728\u672c\u6cd5\u4ee4\u76ee\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u7f14\u7ed3\u8d2d\u4e70\u548c\u62e5\u6709\u8d22<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4ea7\u4e4b\u5408\u7ea6\uff1b\u5f97\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u62e5\u6709\u4ed6\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7ea6\u3001\u8d60\u4e88\u548c\u9057\u8d60\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u8d60\u4e88\u6216\u8005\u8d22\u4ea7\u8ba9\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0e\u672c\u6cd5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u62b5\u89e6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee4\u672c\u5dde\u627f\u62c5\u4e49<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u52a1\uff1b\u5f97\u4ee5\u5168\u90e8\u8d44\u91d1\u5ba1\u614e\u6295\u8d44\uff1b\u5f97\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u5360\u6709\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\uff1b\u5f97\u51fa\u552e\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u52a8\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8be5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u6240\u5f97\u6536\u5165\u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u6295\u8d44\uff1b\u5f97\u4ee5\u516c<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u53f8\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u8d77\u8bc9\u548c\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\u3001\u6297\u8fa9\u548c\u53cd\u9a73\u6297\u8fa9<\/span>\u2026\u2026<span>\u3002<\/span>\u201d <span>\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8be5<\/span>\u201c<span>\u7279\u8bb8\u72b6\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u5b66\u9662\u80fd\u591f\u62e5\u6709\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u8d77\u8bc9\u548c\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\u3001\u6297\u8fa9\u548c\u53cd\u9a73\u6297\u8fa9\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u8d77\u7684\u3002<\/span>\u201d \u201c<span>\u88ab\u544a\u5728\u6cb3\u8fb9\u4fee\u5efa\u5824\u575d\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u539f\u544a\u5728\u6cb3\u5bf9\u5cb8\u4fee\u5efa\u5824\u575d\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u76ee\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u539f\u544a\u4fee\u7b51\u5824\u575d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u571f\u5730\u88ab\u6df9\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u4f1a\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\u5e76\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u88ab\u544a\u5360\u7528\u7684\u571f\u5730\u662f\u5dde\u5c5e\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u6765\u81ea\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9488\u5bf9\u50cf\u88ab\u544a\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5b98\u529e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6263\u62bc\u548c\u62cd\u5356\u88ab\u544a\u8d22\u4ea7\u800c\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u6b64\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u62e8\u6b3e<\/span>10<span>\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5b66\u9662\u6bcf\u5e74\u6765\u81ea\u5b66\u8d39\u3001\u79df\u91d1\u3001\u51fa\u552e\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u3001\u7535\u5382\u548c\u7eba\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7684\u6536\u5165\u7684\u603b\u548c\u662f<\/span>6500<span>\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u672c\u6848\u4e89\u8bae<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7684\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u6cd5\u9662\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u6cd5\u9662\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u5b66\u9662\u4eca\u540e\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u539f\u544a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u8d54\u507f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(3)\u201c<span>\u8d22\u4ea7\u6df7\u540c\u8bf4<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u62e5\u6709\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff1a\u6cd5\u9662\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u901a\u8fc7\u6263\u62bc\u3001\u53d8\u5356\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u540c\u610f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u624d\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u4ea7\u6df7\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5728<\/span>Miller v. Rutgers Univ.<span>\u6848<\/span>,[72]<span>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u88ab\u544a<\/span>Rutgers<span>\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u5b66\u8f85\u52a9\u670d\u52a1\u6536\u5165\u3001\u8d60\u4e88\u3001\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u62e8\u6b3e\u548c\u81ea\u521b\u6536\u5165\uff08<\/span>self- generated income<span>\uff09\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u8d60\u4e88\u6536\u5165\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u8d60\u4e88\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u8f85\u52a9\u6536\u5165\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u6559\u5b66\u8f85\u52a9\u76ee\u7684\uff1b\u81ea\u521b\u6536\u5165\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u81ea\u521b\u6536\u5165\u548c\u5176\u4ed6<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u6536\u5165\u6df7\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u6267\u884c\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u4e5f\u5c06\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u53e6\u4e00\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a\u516c\u8425\u9020\u7269\u548c\u516c\u6cd5\u793e\u56e2<\/span><\/p>\n<p>1.<span>\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6700\u521d\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\uff08<\/span>Einrichtung des Staates<span>\uff09\uff0c\u5728<\/span>1794<span>\u5e74\u7684\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u4e00\u822c\u90a6\u6cd5\uff08<\/span>ALR<span>\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a\u7279\u8bb8\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u8425\u9020\u7269<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff08<\/span>Veranstaltungen des Staates<span>\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u73b0\u884c\u6cd5\uff08<\/span>1998<span>\u5e74\u4fee\u6b63\u516c\u5e03\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u57fa\u51c6\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>58<span>\u6761\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u793e\u56e2<\/span>\u201d <span>\uff08<\/span>korperschaft des offentlichen Rechts<span>\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u201c<span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff08<\/span>staatliche Einrichtungen<span>\uff09\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7528<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u793e\u56e2<\/span>\u201d<span>\u4e00\u8bcd\u8868\u8fbe\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\uff08<\/span>1<span>\uff09\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4f9d\u7167\u516c\u6cd5\u7ec4\u5efa\u548c\u8425\u8fd0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f9d\u7167\u6c11\u6cd5\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u793e\u56e2\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u522b\uff1b\uff08<\/span>2<span>\uff09\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\uff1f\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f5c\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7559\u7ed9\u5404\u5dde\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u593a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u90fd\u662f<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u96b6\u5c5e\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u96b6\u5c5e\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\uff1b\uff08<\/span>3<span>\uff09\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u5177\u6709\u793e\u56e2\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u65e2\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u793e\u56e2\uff0c\u4e5f\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u3002\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<span>\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u521b\u8bbe\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u627f\u62c5\u6559\u80b2\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u865a\u62df\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u56e0<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u6b64\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u53d7\u5230\u76f8\u5f53\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5b83\u65e0\u6743\u5904\u5206\u767b\u8bb0\u5728\u5b83\u540d\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5411\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u6b3e\u6216\u8005\u53d1\u884c\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u7b7e\u5b9a\u96c7\u4f63\u5951\u7ea6\u3002<\/span> [73]<\/p>\n<p>2<span>\uff0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eff\u5fb7\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176<\/span>\u201c<span>\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5c06\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u5171\u8425\u9020\u7269<\/span>\u201d\u2014\u2014<span>\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6559\u80b2\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span> 80<span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5c31\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u6b21\u8fa9\u8bba\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u59d4\u5458\u8981\u6c42\u4fee\u6539\u73b0\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u59d4\u5458\u5219\u6301<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u53cd\u5bf9\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316<\/span>\u201d<span>\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff1a\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5f0a\u7aef\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u884c\u653f\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4fee\u6539\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u628a\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5c31\u80fd\u8fdc\u79bb\u884c\u653f<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5f53\u5c40\uff0c\u5176\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u6d3b\u529b\u5c06\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u751f\u53d1\uff0c\u6545<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316<\/span>\u201d<span>\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b66\u672f\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/span>[74]<\/p>\n<p><span>\u53cd\u5bf9\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316<\/span>\u201d<span>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\uff08<\/span>1<span>\uff09<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u5206\u7c7b\uff08\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u3001\u79c1\u6cd5\u4eba\uff1b\u793e\u56e2\u6cd5\u4eba\u3001\u8d22\u56e2\u6cd5\u4eba\uff09\u65e9\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u65e5\u8d8b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5f3a\u884c\u533a\u5206\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u3001\u79c1\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u9020\u6210\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u4e3a<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4f55\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u8d22\u56e2\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff1f\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u4f53\u5185\u7a76\u7adf\u5904\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff1f\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u548c\u79c1\u6cd5\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\uff1f\uff08<\/span>2<span>\uff09<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5927\u5b66\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u662f<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u5171\u8425\u9020\u7269<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u677e\u7ba1\u5236\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u5b66\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002\uff08<\/span>3<span>\uff09<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5f53\u5c40\u53d1\u751f\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\uff1f<\/span>[75]<\/p>\n<p><span>\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316<\/span>\u201d<span>\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c4\u7a0b\u6240\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u516c\u8425\u9020\u7269\uff0c\u4e14\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7684<\/span>\u2018<span>\u4e0b\u7ea7\u673a\u5173<\/span>\u2019<span>\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span>\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u672c\u8282\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/span><\/p>\n<p>1. <span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5dde\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u6709\u5173\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c<\/span>\u201c<span>\u804c\u80fd\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d <span>\uff08<\/span>instrumentality<span>\uff09\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u662f\u6700\u521d\u4f9d\u636e\u7279\u8bb8\u72b6\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u5c14\u540e\u4f9d\u636e\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6539\u7ec4\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\uff08<\/span>Corporation&#8217;, &#8216;body &#8230;incorporated&#8217;<span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5219\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u63a7\u7ba1\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08<\/span>educational entity<span>\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u662f\u4ee5\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u540d\u4e49\u800c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u3002\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u8425\u8fd0\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u804c\u80fd\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u91cd\u5927<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u662f\u7edf\u7ba1\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u9ad8\u7b49\u9662\u6821\u7684\u9ad8\u6559\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>governing boards of institutions of higher education<span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>[76]<span>\u5728\u4fb5\u6743\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5dde\u9996\u5e2d\u6cd5\u52a1\u5b98\u4ee3\u8868\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u884c\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u6709\u5173\u96c7\u5458\u5c31\u5728\u300a\u65b0<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u4fb5\u6743\u8bc9\u613f\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002<\/span>[77]<span>\u591a\u6570\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90fd\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u754c\u5b9a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6839\u636e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6388\u6743\u800c\u5c65\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u7ba1\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u8bbe\u7acb<\/span>Colorado<span>\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7531<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63a7\u7ba1\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7531\u8be5\u5dde\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9009\u533a\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\uff1b\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u6cd5\u52a1\u5b98\uff08<\/span>the attorney general<span>\uff09\u662f\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6821\u957f\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u4ee3\u8868\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002<\/span>[78]<\/p>\n<p><span>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u5dde\u6216\u8005\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u5206\u79bb\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\uff08<\/span>public corporation<span>\uff09<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u6216\u8005\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6216\u8005\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u884c\u4f7f\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u8425\u8fd0\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u5b66\u800c\u884c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u529b\u3002\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u62e5\u6709\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u96c7\u5458\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u90fd\u662f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u96c7\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8058\u4efb\u548c\u89e3\u8058\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6743\u529b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5927\u5b66\u5f53\u5c40\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u521b\u8bbe\u5dde<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5b83\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1b\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8d22\u4ea7\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5b83\u5360\u6709\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8d22\u4ea7\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u53d7\u76ca\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u6258\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7684\u7528\u9014\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u6cd5\u52a1\u5b98\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u60df\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u5b66\u8d77\u8bc9\u548c\u5e94\u8bc9\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95ee\u3002<\/span>[79]<\/p>\n<p><span>\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u5bf9\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u5e38\u5e38\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\u70b9\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u6709\u5173\u653f\u5e9c\u8c41\u514d\u8bc9\u8bbc<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8d25\u8bc9<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4e70\u5355<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4f46<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u4e2a\u6848\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u5f62\u800c\u5224\u65ad\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u770b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5982\u4f55\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1b\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u662f\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\u548c\u5c31\u4e8b\u8bba\u4e8b\uff1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u867d\u7136\u628a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u754c\u5b9a<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u4e2a\u6848\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\uff1b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u4e2a\u6848\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u653e\u5f03\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u5408\u540c\u3001\u4fb5\u6743\u3001\u96c7\u4f63\u3001\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e89\u8fa9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5229\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u8ffd\u53ca\u6216\u8005\u5f00\u8131\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u8ffd\u53ca\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u5f53\u8ffd\u53ca\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6d89\u8bbc\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u6070\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>2<span>\uff0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u7684\u501f\u9274\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u591a\u91c7\u81ea\u6b27\u9646\u6cd5\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bb6\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u8bba\u9053\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u6b27\u9646\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e3a\u6807\u5c3a\uff0c\u8bc4\u8ff0\u672c\u5730\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u5f97\u5931\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u662f\uff1a\u82e5\u6b27\u9646\u53d8\u6cd5\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u53d8\u5219\u4e3a\u843d<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u540e\uff1b\u82e5\u6b27\u9646\u4e0d\u53d8\u6cd5\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u6b27\u9646\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d9\u8ff0\u7b80\u7ec3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c2\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u897f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u7684\u6cd5<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5f8b\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u3002\u5021\u5bfc\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316<\/span>\u201d<span>\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u5f20\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff1a\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u57fa\u51c6\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8eab\u4efd\u5df2\u7ecf<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4ece<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u8425\u9020\u7269<\/span>\u201d<span>\u53d8\u6210<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u793e\u56e2\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u53d8\u6210<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff1b\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\uff0c\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u57fa\u51c6\u6cd5\u300b\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u793e\u56e2<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316<\/span>\u201d<span>\u7684\u9f13\u5439\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u6cd5\u7684\u6b63\u5b97\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3002<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<span>\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u7a98\u5883\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u672c\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e48\u8ffd\u968f\u897f\u65b9\u67d0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u3001\u5f53\u5730\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u5b66\u672f\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u81ea\u6cbb\u603b\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\u201c<span>\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316<\/span>\u201d<span>\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u52a0\u8bba\u8bc1\u5730\u628a\u4e00\u7ec4\u5047\u8bbe\u8054\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u548c\u5168\u90e8\u5047\u8bbe\u4e4b\u95f4<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u90fd\u6709\u5f85\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002<\/span>\u201c<span>\u81ea\u7531<\/span>\u201d<span>\u3001<\/span>\u201c<span>\u81ea\u6cbb<\/span>\u201d<span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a8\u542c\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7a76\u7adf\u8868\u8fbe\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u521b\u8bbe\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u80fd<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u591f\u4fdd\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6050\u6015\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e73\u8861\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6982\u5ff5\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bef\u4f1a\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u5e94\u5f53\u9075\u5faa\u516c\u6743\u529b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u90a3\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u5206\u7c7b\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u8bbe\u60f3\u51fa\u7edf\u4e00\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5236\u9020\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u7504\u522b\u533a\u5206\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5f3a\u5316\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981<\/span>\u201c<span>\u53bb\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u56de\u5f52\u4e8e\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u5f53\u4e0b\u628a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u653f\u4e8b\u5206\u5f00<\/span>\u201d<span>\u770b\u6210\u666e\u9002\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65b9<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u672a\u5fc5\u59a5\u5f53\u3002\u5728\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u7504\u522b\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u4e0d\u662f\u9700\u8981<\/span>\u201c<span>\u653f\u4e8b\u5206\u5f00<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5f3a\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u653f\u4e8b\u5408\u4e00<\/span>\u201d<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u5b98\u529e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e00\u5f8b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c11\u6cd5<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u521b\u4e3e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u5e38\u7406\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u5386\u6765\u662f\u6c11\u6cd5\u4e0d\u53ca\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5c06\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u521b\u8bbe\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u56e2\u4f53\u5206\u522b\u7eb3\u5165\u673a\u5173\u6cd5\u4eba\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u6761\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u884c\u653f\u89c4\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u6025\u5267\u81a8\u80c0\u6b63\u5728\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u4f53\u63a8\u5411\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<span>\u591a\u4f53\u6574\u5408<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff08<\/span>corporatism<span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u6240\u8bf4\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236<\/span>\u201d<span>\u662f\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u521b\u8bbe\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\uff08\u653f\u5e9c\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u51b3\u5b9a\u3001\u7279\u8bb8\u3001\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff09\uff1b\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u628a\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u627f<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u8ba4\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4ece\u4e8b\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u627f\u62c5\u5951\u7ea6\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u521b\u8bbe\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u5206\u5c5e\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u6216\u8005<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5316\u8eab\u3002\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u80fd\u79c1\u6cd5\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6709\u6548\u5b9e\u73b0\u521b\u8bbe\u8005\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u521b\u8bbe\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u8005\u6388\u6743\u516c\u6743\u529b\u673a\u6784\u7ba1\u7406\u4e8b\u4e1a<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u666e\u9002\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u8c01\u4ee3\u8868\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u770b\u95e8\u4eba\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u95e8\u53e3<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4ee3\u8868<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5927\u5b66\u7ef4\u6301\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u6559\u6388<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4ee3\u8868<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5927\u5b66\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u6388\u8bfe\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u9662\u3001\u7cfb<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4ee3\u8868<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\u201c<span>\u521b\u6536<\/span>\u201d<span>\u529e\u57f9\u8bad\u73ed\uff0c\u5b66\u4f4d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4ee3\u8868<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5927\u5b66\u4f5c\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u6388\u4e88\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6821\u957f<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4ee3\u8868<\/span>\u201d<span>\u5927\u5b66\u7ed9\u65b0\u751f\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u5728\u673a\u6784\u5185\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u672c<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u804c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4ee3\u8868\u673a\u6784\u3002\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u5bf9\u5916\u7531\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u548c\u5e38\u8bc6\u7684\u81c6\u65ad\u3002\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u5b9e\u884c<\/span>\u201c<span>\u96c6\u4f53\u9886\u5bfc<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u515a\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u6216\u8005\u884c\u653f<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u9996\u8111\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u8fd9\u5386\u6765\u662f\u7531\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u88c1\u91cf\u5b9a\u593a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u7531\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7edf\u4e00\u8bbe\u5b9a\u60df\u4e00\u7684<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u91c7\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4efb\u514d\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u5f53\u6743\u6d3e\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u59cb<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u7ec8\u6765\u81ea\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u516c\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u4efb\u514d\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u9996\u957f\u7684\u6548\u529b\u5728\u4e8e\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u884c\u4f7f\u516c\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u8bb0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u516c\u6743\u529b\u662f\u7b49\u7ea7\u5206\u660e\u548c\u7eb5\u5411\u8d2f\u901a\u7684\u3002\u9664\u57fa\u5c42\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u90fd\u8fde\u63a5\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u4e0a\u7ea7\u548c\u4e0b\u7ea7\uff0c\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u5efa\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u7ea7\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8d22\u4ea7\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u987a\u4ece\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<span>\u6cd5\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u771f\u7684\u6309\u7167\u6cd5\u4eba\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u53bb\u51b3\u7b56\u3001<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8981\u8131\u79bb\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u516c\u6743\u529b\u5355\u5143\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316\u4e0e\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u521b\u8bbe\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u8ba9\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u4eba\u800c\u4e0e\u81ea<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u5df1\u5206\u5ead\u6297\u793c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u8ba9\u5b83\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u884c\u4e8b<\/span>\u2014\u2014<span>\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u91c7\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e94\u5f53\u7531\u521b\u8bbe\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9884\u5148\u4f5c<\/span>\u201c<span>\u4e00\u5200\u5207<\/span>\u201d<span>\u7684<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><span> <\/span><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u6ce8\u91ca<\/span>:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[1]<span>\u53c2\u89c1\u6768\u6653\u6c11\u3001\u5468\u7ffc\u864e\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5355\u4f4d\u5236\u5ea6\u300b\uff08<\/span>1999<span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>3-4<span>\u3001<\/span>103<span>\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[2]<span>\u53c2\u89c1\u5b8b\u5927\u6db5\u3001\u674e\u5efa\u3001\u738b\u5ca9\uff1a\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\uff08<\/span>2003<span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>2-3<span>\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[3]<span>\u5173\u4e8e\u673a\u6784\u7f16\u5236\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6cbf\u9769\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u5b8b\u5927\u6db5\u7b49\uff0c\u524d\u6ce8<\/span>2<span>\u5f15\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[4]<span>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u4fc3\u8fdb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>CCPIT<span>\uff09\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c<\/span>CCPIT<span>\u5728\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u5458\u7f16\u5236\u4e0a\u90e8\u5206\u5c5e\u516c\u52a1\u5458\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5c5e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u7ea7\u522b\u4e3a\u526f\u90e8\u7ea7\uff1b<\/span>CCPIT<span>\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90e8\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90e8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u4ef2\u88c1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff08<\/span>CIETAC<span>\uff09\u5728<\/span>2003<span>\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u201c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u800c<\/span>CIETAC<span>\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u6bb5\u5b8f\u5e86\u3001\u738b\u548c\u5ca9\uff1a\u201c\u8d38\u4fc3\u4f1a\u5c71\u96e8\u6b32\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u8d22\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c<\/span>2006<span>\u5e74\u7b2c<\/span>16<span>\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>119-123<span>\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[5]<span>\u8bbe\u7acb\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u90e8\u3001\u59d4\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>1982<span>\u5e74\u300a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>8<span>\u6761\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u76f4\u5c5e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u5219\u662f\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[6]<span>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5546\u6807\u5c40\u539f\u5148\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u5546\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u603b\u5c40\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u7cbe\u7b80\u673a\u6784\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5546\u6807\u5c40\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u6574\u5efa\u5236\u5730\u4ece\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u5e8f\u5217\u8f6c\u5230\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u5546\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u603b\u5c40\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u7cbe\u7b80\u673a\u6784\u201d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[7]<span>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u80b2\u603b\u5c40\u662f\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u76f4\u5c5e\u5c40\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u4e2d\u534e\u5168\u56fd\u4f53\u80b2\u603b\u4f1a\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e24\u5757\u724c\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u5757\u724c\u5b50\u4ee3\u8868\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u5757\u724c\u5b50\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u975e\u8425\u5229\u793e\u56e2\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u673a\u6784\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u300b\uff08<\/span>1998<span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[8]<span>\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff0c\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u767b\u8bb0\u7ba1\u7406\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff08<\/span>1998<span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>2<span>\u6761\u7b2c<\/span>2<span>\u6b3e\u3002\u94c1\u9053\u90e8\uff0c\u300a\u94c1\u8def\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5916\u6295\u8d44\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\uff08<\/span>2003<span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>3<span>\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[9]<span>\u5173\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u5f97\u590d\u539f\u4e3a\u7a0e\u524d\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u7eb3\u5165\u5e94\u7eb3\u7a0e\u6240\u5f97\u989d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u201d\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7a0e\u52a1\u603b\u5c40\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u80a1\u6743\u6295\u8d44\u4e1a\u52a1\u82e5\u5e72\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u300b\uff0c<\/span><span> <\/span>2000<span>\uff09\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u9879\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u6240\u5f97\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u514d\u7a0e<\/span>(<span>\u89c1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7a0e\u52a1\u603b\u5c40\uff1a\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u6c11\u529e\u975e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u5f81\u6536\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>1 <span>\u6761<\/span>,1999)<span>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5f81\u7a0e\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u89c4\u5b9a\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[10]<span>\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u3001\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u6e05\u7406\u6574\u987f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\uff08<\/span>1988<span>\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6e05\u7406\u6574\u987f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\uff08<\/span>1989<span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[11]<span>\u5728\u6574\u6cbb\u201c\u56de\u6263\u201d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u533b\u9662\u90fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb\u201c\u836f\u4e8b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u7531\u79d1\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u836f\u623f\u4e3b\u4efb\u548c\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u5b9a\u836f\u54c1\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56de\u6263\u4f9d\u7136\u6545\u6211\uff0c\u201c\u836f\u4e8b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u533b\u9662\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u56de\u6263\u5206\u914d\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[12] <span>\u300a\u5b66\u4f4d\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff08<\/span>1980<span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>5<span>\u6761\u3001\u7b2c<\/span>6<span>\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[13] <span>\u201c<\/span>2003<span>\u5e74\u8fd9<\/span>18<span>\u6240\u9ad8\u6821\u6536\u53d6\u672a\u7ecf\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u8fdb\u4fee\u8d39\u3001<\/span>MBA<span>\u5b66\u8d39\u7b49<\/span>64427<span>\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u660e\u4ee4\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u8d39\u7528<\/span>6010<span>\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u81ea\u884c\u8bbe\u7acb\u8f85\u4fee\u8d39\u3001\u65c1\u542c\u8d39\u7b49<\/span>7351<span>\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u8d85\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u8d85\u8303\u56f4\u6536\u8d39\u7684\u5b66\u8d39\u3001\u4f4f\u5bbf\u8d39\u7b49<\/span>5219<span>\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u6536\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u6027\u3001\u4ee3\u529e\u6027\u6536\u8d39<\/span>3284<span>\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u91cd\u4fee\u8d39\u3001\u4e13\u5347\u672c\u5b66\u8d39\u7b49<\/span>554<span>\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u5171\u8ba1<\/span>8.68<span>\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e0a\u5e74\u589e\u957f<\/span>32<span>\uff05\uff0c\u5360\u5f53\u5e74\u5168\u90e8\u6536\u8d39\u7684<\/span>14.5<span>\uff05\u3002\u201d\u8bb8\u5cf0\uff1a\u201c\u5ba1\u8ba1\u98ce\u66b4\u522e\u5411\u9ad8\u6821\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b\u300b\uff0c<\/span>2005<span>\u5e74<\/span>7<span>\u6708<\/span>7<span>\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[14]<span>\u5b9c\u660c\u5e02\u5987\u5e7c\u4fdd\u5065\u9662\u4e0d\u670d\u5b9c\u660c\u5e02\u5de5\u5546\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u884c\u653f\u5904\u7f5a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6848\uff08<\/span>2000<span>\uff09\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6cd5\u89c4\u5149\u76d8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08<\/span>2004<span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[15]<span>\u8bd5\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8be0\u91ca\u201c\u7855\u58eb\u70b9\u201d\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5b66\u8981\u7533\u8bf7\u6cd5\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u90e8\u6cd5\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b66\u4f4d\u6388\u4e88\u6743\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7387\u5148\u8fdb\u5165\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff08\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u5b66\u79d1\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u5211\u6cd5\u5b66\u3001\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u5b66\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb\u7533\u8bf7\u201c\u5b66\u4f4d\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5b66\u4f4d\u70b9\u201d\u7d2f\u79ef\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8bf7\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u90e8\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u6388\u4e88\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb\u201c\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e00\u7ea7\u5b66\u79d1\u7855\u58eb\u6388\u4e88\u6743\u201d\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u6821\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u8bdd\u53eb\u201c\u8dd1\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u7533\u62a5\u7855\u58eb\u70b9\u3001\u535a\u58eb\u70b9\u800c\u758f\u901a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u62dc\u8bbf\u53c2\u52a0\u8bc4\u5ba1\u7684\u5404\u8272\u4eba\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[16]<span>\u89c1\uff1a\u201c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5b66\u4f4d\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7f51\u9875\uff1a<\/span>http:\/\/www.cdgdc.edu.cn.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[17]<span>\u89c1\uff1a\u201c\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc4\u4f30\u5ba1\u6838\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u7f51\u9875\uff1a<\/span>http:\/\/www.cdgdc.edu.cn\/pgsh\/<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[18]<span>\u89c1\uff1a\u201c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7f51\u9875\uff1a<\/span>http:\/\/www.pgzx.edu.cn<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[19]<span>\u4ece<\/span>1995<span>\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u4ece\u5b83\u7ba1\u8f96\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u9009\u62d4\u51fa<\/span>100<span>\u6240\u9ad8\u7b49\u9662\u6821\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u7279\u522b\u6276\u6301\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c<\/span>211<span>\u5de5\u7a0b\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5efa\u8bbe\u9762\u5411<\/span>21<span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684<\/span>100<span>\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7f51\u7ad9<\/span>http:\/\/www.moe.edu.cn<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[20]<span>\u4ece<\/span>1998<span>\u5e74<\/span>5<span>\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u63a8\u51fa\u201c\u5efa\u8bbe\u82e5\u5e72\u6240\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u6d41\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u4e00\u6279\u56fd\u9645\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7814\u7a76\u578b\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u7eb3\u5165\u201c<\/span>211<span>\u5de5\u7a0b\u201d\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u9009\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>35<span>\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u62e8\u4ed8\u4e13\u9879\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u6276\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[21] <span>\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u300b\uff08<\/span>1986<span>\uff09\u7b2c<\/span>50<span>\u6761\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>38<span>\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[22] <span>\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u901a\u5219\u300b\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u3001\u673a\u5173\u6cd5\u4eba\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u6cd5\u4eba\u56db\u79cd\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u56db\u7c7b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u662f\u7167\u642c\u539f\u540d\u800c\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u7c7b\u6cd5\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u90fd\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff1b\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u201c\u7f16\u5236\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u6838\u5b9a\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u5206\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u548c\u884c\u653f\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u662f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff0c\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u7f16\u5236\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6682\u884c\u89c4\u5b9a\u300b\uff08<\/span>1963<span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[23] <span>\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\u7684\u9881\u53d1\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u767b\u8bb0\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u201d\uff0c\u8bc1\u4e66\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\u6709\uff1a\u201c\u540d\u79f0\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b97\u65e8\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u8303\u56f4\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4f4f\u6240\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7ecf\u8d39\u6765\u6e90\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5f00\u529e\u8d44\u91d1\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e3e\u529e\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u8bc1\u8f7d\u660e\u53d1\u8bc1\u673a\u6784\u4e3a\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\uff08\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u76d6\u5370\u673a\u6784\u5374\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d28\u91cf\u76d1\u7763\u68c0\u9a8c\u68c0\u75ab\u603b\u5c40\u201d\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4f55\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8bc1\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u7ba1\u201c\u8d28\u91cf\u76d1\u7763\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u6709\u5173\uff1f\u5747\u6709\u5f85\u8003\u8bc1\u3002\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff1a\u300a\u6279\u8f6c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6280\u672f\u76d1\u7763\u5c40\u7b49\u90e8\u95e8\u5173\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u7edf\u4e00\u4ee3\u7801\u6807\u8bc6\u5236\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u300b<\/span>(1989)<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[24]<span>\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\uff1a\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u300b\uff08<\/span>1997<span>\uff09\uff1b\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\uff1a\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4f1a\u8ba1\u51c6\u5219\u300b\uff08<\/span>1997<span>\uff09\uff1b\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\uff1a\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8d22\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u300b\uff08<\/span>1997<span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[25]<span>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u5317\u5927\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fe1\u606f\u7f51<\/span>\/<span>\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\uff0c<\/span>www.chinalawinfo.com<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[26]<span>\u4e2d\u592e\u673a\u6784\u7f16\u5236\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u8bc1\u4e66\u300b\u4f7f\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u300b\uff08<\/span>2000<span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>2<span>\u6761\uff08\u4e5d\uff09\u9879\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[27]<span>\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff1a\u300a\u5f8b\u5e08\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff08<\/span>1980<span>\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\uff0c<\/span>1998<span>\u5e74\u5e9f\u6b62\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>13<span>\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[28]<span>\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5e94\u5426\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5916\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u79d1\u6280\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fe1\u606f\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u51fd\u300b\uff08<\/span>1991<span>\uff09\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u540c\u6ce8<\/span>14<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[29]<span>\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u6e05\u7406\u6574\u987f\u516c\u53f8\u4e2d\u88ab\u64a4\u5e76\u516c\u53f8\u503a\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u6e05\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u300b\uff08<\/span>1990<span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>3<span>\u3001<\/span>7<span>\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[30] 2003<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u671d\u9633\u533a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6e56\u5357\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6e56\u5357\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u751f\u6d3b\u9891\u9053\u201d\u5206\u522b\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u503a\u52a1\u4e92\u4e0d\u7275\u6d89\u3002\u89c1\u201c\u5317\u4eac\u91d1\u73af\u86c7\u5f71\u89c6\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u64ad\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u8bc9\u6e56\u5357\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u7535\u89c6\u5267\u64ad\u6620\u6743\u8bb8\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u540c\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u671d\u9633\u533a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\uff08<\/span>2003<span>\uff09\u671d\u6c11\u521d\u5b57\u7b2c<\/span>25213<span>\u53f7\uff1b<\/span>2001<span>\uff0c\u5927\u5e86\u5e02\u4e2d\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8087\u5e86\u53bf\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u4e0e\u8087\u5e86\u53bf\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u4ea4\u8b66\u5927\u961f\u201d\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u6cd5\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4e3a\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u503a\u52a1\u4e92\u4e0d\u7275\u6d89\u3002\u89c1\u201c\u5927\u5e86\u5e02\u4e07\u901a\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u7a0b\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u8bc9\u8087\u5dde\u53bf\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u7b49\u62d6\u6b20\u5de5\u7a0b\u6b3e\u6848\u201d\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u540c\u6ce8<\/span>25<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[31]<span>\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u60e0\u5dde\u5e02\u4e2d\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e8b\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\uff0c\uff08<\/span>2001<span>\uff09\u60e0\u4e2d\u6cd5\u7ecf\u7ec8\u5b57\u7b2c<\/span>206<span>\u53f7\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u540c\u6ce8<\/span>25<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[32]<span>\u4f55\u4e30\u4f26\uff1a\u9ad8\u6821\u8d37\u6b3e\u9ed1\u6d1e\u52a9\u957f\u623f\u4ef7\u98d9\u5347\uff0c\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53c2\u8003\u62a5\u300b\uff0c<\/span>2007<span>\u5e74<\/span>3<span>\u6708<\/span>19<span>\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[33] 1999<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u201c\u5229\u7528\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5feb\u4e2d\u592e\u90e8\u59d4\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u6559\u804c\u5de5\u4f4f\u623f\u5efa\u8bbe\u201d\uff1b<\/span>2000<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6388\u6743\u5927\u5b66\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u5411\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u3002\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff1a\u6279\u8f6c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u9762\u5411\uff12\uff11\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u80b2\u632f\u5174\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u901a\u77e5\uff08<\/span>1999<span>\uff09\uff1b\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\uff1a\u300a\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u5173\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u5efa\u7acb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u52a0\u5f3a\u8d22\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\u610f\u89c1\u300b\uff08<\/span>2000<span>\uff09\uff0c<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u4e8c\uff08\u4e00\uff09<\/span>5<span>\u3002\u674e\u6da6\u6587\uff1a\u8c01\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u9ad8\u6821\u8d37\u6b3e\u9ed1\u6d1e\u9ad8\u6821\u653f\u5e9c\u94f6\u884c\u5404\u6253\u7b97\u76d8\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u62a5\u300b\uff0c<\/span><span> <\/span>2007<span>\u5e74<\/span>3<span>\u6708<\/span>11<span>\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[34]<span>\u4ece<\/span>2005<span>\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5c06\u201c\u8f83\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u65b0\u589e\u8d37\u6b3e\u5747\u7eb3\u5165\u5ba1\u6279\u8303\u56f4\u201d\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u76f4\u5c5e\u9ad8\u6821\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u5ba1\u6279\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u300b\uff08<\/span>2005<span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[35]<span>\u5468\u743c\u3001\u4e8e\u5b81\uff1a\u9ad8\u6821\u8fd8\u8d37\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u300a\u8d22\u7ecf\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>181<span>\u671f\uff08<\/span>2007<span>\u5e74<\/span>3<span>\u6708<\/span>19<span>\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[36]<span>\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u516c\u529e\u9ad8\u6821\u8d37\u6b3e\uff1b\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u9ad8\u6821\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u6f14\u56fd\u4f01\u5012\u95ed\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u62a5\u300b\uff0c<\/span>2007<span>\u5e74<\/span>3<span>\u6708<\/span>9<span>\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[37]<span>\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u7528\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7f16\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u540c\u6ce8<\/span>14<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[38]<span>\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u9547\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u51fa\u8ba9\u548c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff08<\/span>1990<span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>43-45<span>\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[39] <span>\u300a\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u300b\uff08<\/span>1989<span>\uff09\u7b2c<\/span>2<span>\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u53d7\u53f8\u6cd5\u5ba1\u67e5\uff1b\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u8d2f\u5f7b\u6267\u884c\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u300b\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u7b2c<\/span><span> <\/span>1<span>\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u53ca\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u6388\u6743\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u3001\u201c\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u59d4\u6258\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[40]<span>\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6d77\u6dc0\u533a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u7f16\u64b0<\/span>:<span>\u300a\u5ba1\u5224\u6848\u4f8b\u9009\u6790\uff1a<\/span>1997<span>\u5e74\u5ea6\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>303-305<span>\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[41]<span>\u6309\u7167\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\u89c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u5f97\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u5e94\u8bc9\u3002\u89c1\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u5b89\u673a\u5173\u8d2f\u5f7b\u5b9e\u65bd\u300a\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u300b\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u901a\u77e5\uff08<\/span>1990<span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>15<span>\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[42]<span>\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\uff1a\u300a\u516c\u5b89\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff08<\/span>1954<span>\uff09\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u540c\u6ce8<\/span>14<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[43]<span>\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bc1\u76d1\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u51fd\u300b\uff08<\/span>2004<span>\uff09\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u540c\u6ce8<\/span>14<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[44]<span>\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4f5b\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u5426\u6784\u6210\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u6216\u8005\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u4e3b\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u300b\uff08<\/span>2003<span>\uff09\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u540c\u6ce8<\/span>14<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[45]<span>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u8d1f\u8d23\u91c7\u8d2d\u7684\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u5458\u6536\u53d7\u201c\u56de\u6263\u201d\uff0c\u88ab\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u6307\u72af\u6709\u201c\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u7c7b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u88ab\u544a\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u6297\u8fa9\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6536\u53d7\u56de\u6263\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u65e9\u5728<\/span>1987<span>\u5e74\u5c31\u660e\u6587\u5141\u51c6\u7684\uff01\u201d\u201c<\/span>1987<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u59d4\u66fe\u53d1\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u9ad8\u6821\u6559\u6750\u5141\u8bb8\u6709<\/span>9<span>\uff05\u81f3<\/span>12<span>\uff05\u7684\u6298\u6263\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<\/span>5<span>\uff05\u8981\u8fd4\u7ed9\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e1a\u52a1\u8d39\u7528\u652f\u51fa\u3002\u201d<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\uff08\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u65b0\u95fb\u201c<\/span>109<span>\u6240\u6c5f\u82cf\u9ad8\u6821\u5377\u5165\u6559\u6750\u5546\u8d3f\u6848\uff0c\u5df2\u7acb\u6848<\/span>130<span>\u591a\u8d77\u201d\uff0c<\/span>2006<span>\u5e74<\/span>5<span>\u6708<\/span>15<span>\u65e5\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u7f51\uff1a<\/span>http: \/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/legal\/2006-05\/15\/content_4547015.htm <span>\uff09<\/span>2005<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\u7684\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u5bf9\u6c5f\u82cf\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u6559\u6750\u56de\u6263\u4ee5\u201c\u5546\u4e1a\u8d3f\u8d42\u201d\u7acb\u6848\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u4e34\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u8d3f\u8d42\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u65e0\u4ece\u636e\u6b64\u63d0\u8d77\u516c\u8bc9\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u53d6\u56de\u6263\u672c\u8eab\u5f97\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u660e\u6587\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u672c\u6765\u5e94\u5f53\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5b66\u6821\u8d22\u52a1\u7684\u56de\u6263\u653e\u8fdb\u4e86\u201c\u5c0f\u91d1\u5e93\u201d\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u6536\u53d6\u56de\u6263\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u622a\u53d6\u672c\u5e94\u4e0a\u4ea4\u7684\u56de\u6263\u3002\u6559\u6750\u56de\u6263\u6848\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6309\u201c\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201d\u5b9a\u7f6a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[46]<span>\u6536\u53d7\u8d3f\u8d42<\/span>37<span>\u4e07\uff0c\u201c\u9ed1\u54e8\u201d\u9f9a\u5efa\u5e73\u88ab\u5224\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u793e\uff08<\/span>2003<span>\u5e74<\/span>1<span>\u6708<\/span>30<span>\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u7f51\uff0c<\/span>http:\/\/news3.xinhuanet.com\/nsports\/2003-01\/30\/content_712787.htm<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[47] <span>\u300a\u4f53\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\uff08<\/span>2003<span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>40<span>\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[48] <span>\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8db3\u7403\u534f\u4f1a\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\uff08<\/span>2003<span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>2<span>\u6761\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u5168\u56fd\u4f53\u80b2\u603b\u4f1a\u7f51\u7ad9<\/span>http:\/\/www.sport.org.cn\/ziliaochaxun\/jingji\/2004-03-31\/126297.html<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[49]<span>\u53a6\u95e8\u5e02\u674f\u6797\u5916\u5546\u6295\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/span>1994<span>\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5c06\u7ba1\u8f96\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u94c1\u8def\u8def\u5824\u52a0\u5bbd\u548c\u4fee\u5efa\u6392\u6c34\u4fa7\u6c9f\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u4ea4\u53a6\u95e8\u94c1\u8def\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\uff1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\uff09\u627f\u63fd\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u603b\u7ecf\u7406\uff08\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\uff09\u9ec4\u8bda\u5b9e\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\u7d22\u53d6\u76f8\u5f53\u5de5\u7a0b\u603b\u9020\u4ef7<\/span>10%<span>\u7684\u201c\u8ba9\u5229\u6b3e\u201d\uff0c\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6309\u5408\u540c\u91d1\u989d\u652f\u4ed8\u5de5\u7a0b\u6b3e\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\u6536\u5230\u5de5\u7a0b\u6b3e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u652f\u4ed8\u201c\u8ba9\u5229\u6b3e\u201d\u3002\u201c\u8ba9\u5229\u6b3e\u201d\u8fdb\u5165\u9ec4\u8bda\u5b9e\u4e2a\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u91d1\u5e93\u201d\uff0c<\/span><span> <\/span><span>\u201c\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u4f4d\u5e94\u916c\u7b49\u5f00\u652f\u201d\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u9ec4\u8bda\u5b9e\u72af\u6709\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u201d\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u53a6\u95e8\u5e02\u674f\u6797\u5916\u5546\u6295\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5355\u4f4d\u53d7\u8d3f\u6848\uff08<\/span>1994<span>\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u7528\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6cd5\u89c4\u5149\u76d8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08<\/span>2004<span>\uff09\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u56de\u6263\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u4ece\u7279\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f00\u652f\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u53d8\u4e3a\u53ef\u5f00\u652f\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5408\u8c0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ece\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u94b1\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u591a\u6536\u7684\u94b1\u8fd8\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u662f\u5408\u8c0b\u6b3a\u8bc8\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u8d3f\u548c\u53d7\u8d3f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[50]<span>\u7530\u6c38\u8bc9\u5317\u4eac\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u62d2\u7edd\u9881\u53d1\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bc1\u3001\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bc1\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6848\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cd5\u89c4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5149\u76d8\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[51]<span>\u5728\u676d<\/span><span>\ue011<\/span>(Yi)<span>\u8bc9\u5357\u4eac\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u53d6\u6d88\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5165\u5b66\u8d44\u683c\u6848\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u8bc9\u8bf7\u6cd5\u9662\u64a4\u9500\u88ab\u544a\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u53d6\u6d88\uff08\u4ed6\u7684\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5165\u5b66\u8d44\u683c\u201d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5e02\u4e2d\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u7406\u7531\u8ba4\u5b9a\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u9002\u683c\u88ab\u544a\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4f9d\u804c\u6743\u800c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c5e\u53f8\u6cd5\u5ba1\u67e5\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u676d<\/span><span>\ue011<\/span>(Yi)<span>\u8bc9\u5357\u4eac\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u53d6\u6d88\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5165\u5b66\u8d44\u683c\u6848\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5e94\u7528\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u6848\u4f8b\u9009\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>43<span>\u8f91\uff08<\/span>2003<span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">[52]<span>\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>Seymour H. Fine v. Rutgers, the State University<span>\uff0c<\/span>163 N.J. 464. <span>\uff08<\/span>2000<span>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[53] Rutgers, the State University Law<span>\uff0c<\/span> N.J.S.A. 18A:65.<\/p>\n<p>[54] 130 N.J. Super. 493.<\/p>\n<p>[55] N.J.S.A. 59:13-1 to 13-10.<\/p>\n<p>[56] 822 F.2d 1303, 1312.<\/p>\n<p>[57]<\/p>\n<p>[58] <span>\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff1a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5e94\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e00\u5dde\u516c\u6c11\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4f53\u53d1\u52a8\u6307\u63a7\u6216\u8005\u544a\u53d1\u53e6\u4e00\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6216\u8861\u5e73\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[59]<span>\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>Brian A. Snow<span>\uff0c<\/span>THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BLACKSTONE&#8217;S UNDERSTANDING OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY FORAMERICA&#8217;S PUBILIC INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION<span>\uff0c<\/span> 28 J.C. &amp; U.L. 97(2001).<\/p>\n<p>[60]<span>\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>Frank H. Julian<span>\uff0c<\/span>The Promise and Perils of Eleventh Amendment Immunity in Suits Against Public Colleges and Universities<span>\uff08\u5728\u9488\u5bf9\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>11<span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u8bb8\u8bfa\u548c\u98ce\u9669\uff09\uff0c<\/span>36 S. Tex. L. Rev. 85<span>\uff08<\/span>1995<span>\uff09\u3002\u9664<\/span>DEAN GRAHAM<span>\u6848\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u8282\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u5747\u51fa\u81ea\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u4ea6\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u67e5\u9605\u4e86\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u539f\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[61]<span>\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>Krisel v. Duran<span>\uff0c<\/span> 258 F. Supp. 845, 849 (S.D. N.Y. 1966)<\/p>\n<p>[62] 742 F.2d 299 (6th Cir. 1984)<\/p>\n<p>[63] Frank H. Julian<span>\uff0c\u524d\u6ce8<\/span>60<span>\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>97<span>\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[64] Henry v. Texas Tech Univ., 466 F. Supp. 141, 143-44 (N.D. Tex. 1979)<\/p>\n<p>[65] 451 F.2d 1287 (10th Cir. 1971).<\/p>\n<p>[66] 581 F. Supp. 1228 (N.D. Ind. 1984).<\/p>\n<p>[67] DEAN GRAHAM v. STATE OF COLORADO, acting by and on behalf of THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN COLORADO, 1998 Colo. LEXIS 310; 1998 Colo. J. C.A.R. 1509.<\/p>\n<p>[68] 42 U. S. C. 1983.<\/p>\n<p>[69] Mt. Healthy, 429 U.S. at 279-81.<\/p>\n<p>[70] 588 F.2d 96 (5th Cir. 1979)<\/p>\n<p>[71] HOPKINS v. CLEMSON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 221 U.S. 636 (1911).<\/p>\n<p>[72] 619 F. Supp. 1386, 1391 (D. N.J. 1985).<\/p>\n<p>[73]<span>\u8463\u4fdd\u57ce\uff1a\u6211\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u73b0\u4eca\u8fd0\u4f5c\u56f0\u5883\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316\u4e4b\u6574\u5907\uff0c\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u8baf\u300b\uff0c<\/span>2000<span>\u5e74\u7b2c<\/span>7-8<span>\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>33-50<span>\u9875\uff1b\u674e\u5efa\u826f\uff1a\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u516c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316\u4e4b\u95ee\u9898\u63a2\u6790\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u5927\u6cd5\u5b66\u8bba\u4e1b\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>29<span>\u5377\u7b2c<\/span>4<span>\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>5-11<span>\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[74]<span>\u6797\u65f6\u673a\u3001\u8d3a\u5fb7\u82ac\uff0c<\/span>1989<span>\u5e74<\/span>1<span>\u6708<\/span>7<span>\u65e5\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6cd5\u5236\u8054\u5e2d\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff08\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8349\u6848\u4e13\u8f91\uff09\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u79d8\u4e66\u5904\u7f16\u5370\uff08<\/span>1994<span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>166<span>\u8f91\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>76<span>\u3001<\/span>194-195<span>\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[75] <span>\u53c2\u89c1\u674e\u5efa\u826f\uff0c\u540c\u524d\u6ce8<\/span>73<span>\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>26-27<span>\u9875<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[76] N.J.S.A. 18A:65-2, 65-3; 18A:3B-6-e.<\/p>\n<p>[77] N. J. S. A. 18A: 3B-6 -h.<\/p>\n<p>[78] C.R.S.A. 23-20-110.<\/p>\n<p>[79] PEOPLE ex rel. BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS et al. v. BARRETT, Attorney General, et al.<span>\uff08<\/span>1943<span>\uff09\uff0c<\/span>382 Ill. 321, 46 N.E.2d 951<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6539\u9769 \u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201c\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316\u201d\u6279\u5224 \u65b9\u6d41\u82b3 \u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66 \u6559\u6388 &nbsp; \u524d\u8a00 &nbsp; \u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u51e0\u4e4e\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u5c55\u3002\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u5e76\u4e0d\u663e\u8457\u3002\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u9769\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u63aa\u65bd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u653f\u7b56\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u7b56\u5224\u65ad\u53c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u73b0\u72b6\u548c\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u672c\u62a5\u544a\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u51b3\u7b56\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u5ba2\u89c2\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u672c\u62a5\u544a\u53d8\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u6216\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002 &nbsp; 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