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\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u98de\u673a\u5e73\u7a33\u7740\u9646\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u6d1b\u6839\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a\u3002\u51e0\u5929\u524d\uff0c\u53f0\u98ce\u8fc7\u5883\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u867d\u672a\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u51fa\u5019\u673a\u697c\u8fd8\u662f\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u590f\u65e5\u66b4\u96e8\u7684\u8086\u8650\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u98ce\u96e8\u5982\u6666\u7684\u5f02\u90a6\u4e4b\u591c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n


\n\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u591c\u666f (From http:\/\/constructivistpsych.org\/2011\/program.html)<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001<\/strong> \u8bbf\u5b66\u54c8\u4f5b<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201c\u2026\u2026\u6211 \u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5f53\u65f6\u95ee\u6211\u2018\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u5199\u4e86\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u4e66\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u8c01\u771f\u7684\u542c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5462\uff1f\u4f60\u53c8\u4f55\u82e6\u975e\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u5217\u5462\uff1f\u2019\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff1a\u2018\u6211\u6b64\u6b21\u8f6c\u578b\u505a\u5b66 \u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u522b\u5728\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u88ab\u522b\u4eba\u91c7\u7eb3\u6216\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u88ab\u522b\u4eba\u542c\u5230\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u60f3\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u2019\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u770b\u5230\u2018\u4ee5\u771f\u7406\u4e3a\u53cb\u2019\u7684\u6821\u8bad\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5230 \u54c8\u4f5b\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u6765\u5bf9\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u88ab\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u4eba\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u6545\u4e61\u201d\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u8ffd\u6c42\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u65b0\u8d77\u70b9\uff01<\/p>\n

\u54c8\u4f5b\u5a01\u5fb7\u7eb3\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5916\u666f (By Brian Thompson, from:\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.biddingforgood.com\/auction\/item\/BuyNow.action?id=119573740<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u6b64\u540e\u6211\u8fd8\u9010\u6e10\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5c82\u6b62\u54c8\u4f5b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5730\u533a\u3001\u9ebb\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u4e43\u81f3\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u601d\u8003\u7f8e\u56fd\u521b\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u98ce\u6c34\u5b9d\u5730\uff01\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6240\u8c13\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u4e1c\u90e8\u8c08\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u897f\u90e8\u641e\u521b\u65b0\u201d\u4e4b\u8bba\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u5931\u4e4b\u504f\u9887\u548c\u80a4\u6d45\uff01<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u6211\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5934\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u751f\u6d3b\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e09\u5927\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u8bfb\u4e66\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u6211\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u201c\u6709\u94b1\u4e70\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u8bfb\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u56fe\u4e66\u767e\u4f59\u672c\uff0c\u9009\u4fee\u4e86\u54c8\u4f5b\u548c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u76f8\u5173\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5341\u4e8c\u95e8\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u5927\u5c0f\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fd1\u767e\u573a\u6b21\uff0c\u641c\u96c6\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u5199\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u6587\u732e\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u601d\u8def\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u6211\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5341\u4f59\u5dde\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u4e61\u6751\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e94\u5341\u4f59\u6b21\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u8bbf\u8c08\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u6709\u5e78\u501f\u5f97\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u95f2\u7f6e\u4f4f\u623f\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u5927\u5973\u513f\u6765\u7f8e\u540e\u7684\u6c42\u533b\u548c\u5c31\u5b66\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u6211\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u7597\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u601d\u8003\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u5c11\u4e86\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u6ca1\u4e86\u5e94\u916c\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u80fd\u591f\u5c3d\u4eab\u81ea \u7531\u601d\u8003\u7684\u5b81\u9759\uff1b\u8fdc\u79bb\u55a7\u95f9\uff0c\u8131\u8eab\u8bf1\u60d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u503e\u542c\u81ea\u5df1\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u547c\u5524\u3002\u62e5\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u6162\u6162\u5480\u56bc\u548c\u7ec6\u7ec6\u4f53\u5473\u5f88\u591a\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6027\u683c\u4e0a\u672c\u5c5e\u201c\u6162\u70ed\u578b\u201d\u7684\u6211\u6765\u8bf4 \u66f4\u662f\u4e2a\u6069\u8d50\u3002\u6709\u670b\u53cb\u7279\u610f\u6765\u7f8e\u63a2\u671b\uff0c\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u8003\u5bdf\u6211\u7684\u8bbf\u5b66\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u65e5\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u7545\u8c08\uff0c\u4e34\u884c\u524d\u5bf9\u6211\u8bb2\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u634f\u4e86\u628a\u6c57\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709 \u60b2\u58ee\u4e4b\u611f\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4eb2\u8eab\u611f\u53d7\u4f60\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7981\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u559d\u5f69\uff0c\u53c8\u751f\u8c6a\u8fc8\u4e4b\u60c5\uff01\u201d\u6211\u5185\u5fc3\u91cc\u5341\u5206\u611f\u8c22\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5173\u7231\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bb2\uff1a\u201c\u5176\u5b9e\u522b\u65f6\u672c\u65e0\u60b2 \u58ee\uff0c\u805a\u65f6\u4ea6\u65e0\u8c6a\u8fc8\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5e74\u903e\u4e0d\u60d1\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u548c\u5e73\u51e1\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6211\u4e24\u5e74\u8bbf\u5b66\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5199\u7167\uff01<\/p>\n

2010\u5e7410\u6708\u5728\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u5b66\u9662\u827e\u4ec0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u505a\u8bfe\u9898\u5f00\u9898\u62a5\u544a<\/p>\n


\n<\/strong><\/div>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6211 \u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7559\u5317\u5927\u4efb\u6559\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4e94\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece\u4e8b\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u5176\u6821\u56ed\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u4e13\u8457\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d1\u8d77\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u3002\u6211\u5728\u5317\u5927\u767e\u5e74\u6821\u5e86\u548c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u8fd0 \u52a8\u516b\u5341\u5468\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u547c\u5524\u5f53\u4ee3\u9752\u5e74\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9752\u5e74\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u505a\u6709\u521b\u65b0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u5fd7\u4e8e\u6253\u9020\u201c\u5f00\u62d3\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u6fc0\u60c5\u201d\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5efa\u8bbe\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8f74\u3002\u5230 \u5317\u4eac\u56e2\u5e02\u59d4\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u628a\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u8bbe\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u578b\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u578b\u9752\u5e74\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u5b9e\u73b0\u9752\u5e74\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4ece \u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5230\u56e2\u5e02\u59d4\u518d\u5230\u660c\u5e73\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u521b\u65b0\u201d\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u7ebf\u3002\u628a\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5b9e\u8df5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u601d\u8003\u6574\u5408\u5728\u201c\u521b\u65b0\u201d\u5927\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u5728\u660c\u5e73\u5de5 \u4f5c\u540e\u671f\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4ee5\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u601d\u8def\u548c\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u575a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u79bb\u5f00\u515a\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u5c97\u4f4d\u53bb\u4ece\u4e8b\u6559\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002\u65b9\u5411\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u8d77\u6b65\u665a\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\u90fd\u6784\u4e0d\u6210\u969c \u788d\uff0c\u65e5\u79ef\u6708\u7d2f\u7ec8\u6709\u6ef4\u6c34\u77f3\u7a7f\u4e4b\u65f6\uff1b\u65b9\u5411\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3001\u8d77\u70b9\u9ad8\u9ebb\u70e6\u4ea6\u5927\uff0c\u5e73\u6b65\u9752\u4e91\u4e2d\u6697\u85cf\u503e\u8986\u4e4b\u5371\uff01\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5317\u4eac\u56e2\u5e02\u59d4\u516d\u5e74\u9752\u5e74\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ca\u660c\u5e73\u56db\u5e74 \u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u5386\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba9\u6211\u5c3d\u5df2\u6240\u80fd\u628a\u667a\u6167\u548c\u6c57\u6c34\u503e\u6ce8\u5728\u631a\u7231\u7684\u70ed\u571f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6211\u4ece\u4e8b\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cd\u65b0\u6821\u6b63\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u66f4\u8ba9\u6211\u4ee5\u5f7b\u5e95\u65e0\u754f\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53bb\u8ffd\u9010\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 \u68a6\u60f3\uff01\u6211\u6c38\u8fdc\u611f\u6fc0\u5317\u4eac\u56e2\u5e02\u59d4\u548c\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u9752\u5e74\u7fa4\u4f53\uff01\u6c38\u8fdc\u611f\u6fc0\u660c\u5e73\u548c\u660c\u5e73\u4eba\u6c11\uff01<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5728 \u660c\u5e73\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u517b\u6210\u4e86\u722c\u5c71\u3001\u6563\u6b65\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5e76\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u8def\u8fb9\u5c0f\u5e97\u548c\u519c\u5bb6\u9662\u91cc\u4eab\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u7f8e\u5473\u7684\u98df\u7269\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u884c\u8d70\u5728\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u6cb3\u8fb9\u6216\u8005\u968f\u610f\u6b65\u5165\u54c8\u4f5b\u5e7f\u573a\u7684\u98ce\u5473\u9910 \u5385\u70b9\u4efd\u65b9\u4fbf\u98df\u54c1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\uff01\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u98df\u7f8e\u666f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6109\u60a6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8ffd\u9010\u201c\u521b\u65b0\u201d\u6536\u83b7\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\uff01\u672a\u6765\u5c81\u6708\u91cc\u6211\u5c06\u968f\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u535a\u5ba2\u4e0e\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u56de\u5473\u548c\u5206 \u4eab\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6674\u7a7a\u4e3d\u65e5\u4e0b\u7684\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u6cb3(Copyright Tom Christiansen, 2001, from http:\/\/www.neurochrome.com\/iblog\/Boston\/Boston_pics.htm)
\n \u00a0 \u00a0\u884c\u6587\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u95f4\u5df2\u662f\u51cc\u6668\u4e86\u3002\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u9ed1\u591c\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4e0a\u8def\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u672c\u535a\u5ba2\u82f1\u6587\u7248<\/a>\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u4f2f\u514b\u66fc\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u63a2\u7a76\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5173\u6210\u534e \u63a2\u7a76\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u82df\u65e5\u65b0\uff0c\u65e5\u65e5\u65b0\uff0c\u53c8\u65e5\u65b0\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":242,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359,1713,1016],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-china","category-in-chinese","category-1016"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/242"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1335"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1336,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1335\/revisions\/1336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}