The Rise of China\u2019s New Left<\/p>\n
From: Far Eastern Economic Review
\nApril 2007<\/p>\n
\u8fdc\u4e1c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bc4\u8bba4\u6708\u53f7<\/p>\n
by Leslie Hook
\n\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u96f7\u601d\u8389\u00b7\u864e\u514b\uff08Leslie Hook\uff09<\/p>\n
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Rise of a Movement
\n\u4e00\u9879\u201c\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77<\/p>\n
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\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u6b63\u6478\u7740\u77f3\u5934\u8fc7\u6cb3\uff0c\u201d\u5317\u4eac\u5927
\n\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u526f\u6559\u6388\u97e9\u6bd3\u6d77\uff08Han Yuhai\uff09\u5f15\u7528\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5173\u4e8e\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\u8bf4\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec
\n\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u8bf4\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u4f4e\u7740\u5934\u8d70\u8def\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u8eba\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u3002\u201d\u97e9\u7684\u5b66
\n\u672f\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d7\u5230\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u5c31\u5728\u773c\u524d\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7ba1\u6cbb\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u653f
\n\u5e9c\u2026\u2026\u91d1\u94b1\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u5bf9\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u6ee1\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9f13\u5439\u56de\u5f52\u4e2d\u592e\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76
\n\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5021\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u5f52\u6bdb\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u519c\u6751\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5021\u5bfc\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def\u2014\u2014\u65af\u582a\u7684\u7eb3\u7ef4\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a
\n\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5f0f\u798f\u5229\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7f8e\u56fd\u2018\u65b0\u653f\uff08New Deal\uff09\u2019\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u201d\u5f20\u65ed\u4e1c\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e
\n\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6539\u9769\u521d\u671f\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u73af\u5883\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6536\u76ca
\n\u5c31\u5c11\u4e86\u3002\u201c\u65e9\u671f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u6b63\u548c\u6e38\u620f\uff08positive-sum game\uff09[3]\uff0c\u201d\u738b\u7ecd\u5149\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4f46
\n\u523090\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e86\u96f6\u548c\u6e38\u620f\uff08zero-sum game\uff09\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u8feb\u4f7f\u8bf8\u5982\u536b\u751f\u4fdd\u5065
\n\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u95e8\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u88ab\u7b80\u7b80\u5355\u5355\u5730\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u66fe\u7ecf\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u5f85
\n\u9047\u3002
\n\u6c6a\u6656\u5bf9\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u70ed\u8877\u5f00\u653e\u5e02\u573a\u800c\u62db\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5219\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\uff1a\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u81ea\u7531
\n\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u88ab
\n\u63a7\u5236\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e25\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u5e02\u573a\u63a7\u5236\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u201d\u5b83\u63d0\u5021\u5b9e\u884c
\n\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6539\u5584\u5de5\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n
\u519c\u6751\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd
\n\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6e29\u94c1\u519b\uff08Wen Tiejun\uff09\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u63a0\u593a\u4e86\u519c\u6751
\n\u7684\u52b3\u529b\u548c\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5927\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e9a\u5f53\u00b7\u65af\u5bc6\uff08Adam Smith
\n\uff09\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3001\u52b3\u529b\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u57ce\u4e61\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5fc5\u7136
\n\u8981\u6c42\u9488\u5bf9\u4e61\u6751\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e8b\u4e0e\u613f\u8fdd\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e61\u6751\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5f85\u57ce\u5e02\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u201c\u519c\u6751
\n\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7ed3\u5408\u519c\u6751\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u519c\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\uff0c\u572880\u5e74\u4ee3\u519c\u6751\u6536\u5165\u7684\u589e
\n\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u201c\uff08\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u300280\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u9ec4\u91d1\u5e74\u4ee3
\n\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a90\u5e74\u4ee3\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u4e0e\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u6bd4\u5982
\n\u8bf4\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u519c\u6751\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6beb\u65e0\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u89c6\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u6240\u575a\u6301\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4ed6\u7684\u6742\u5fd7\u5982
\n\u4f55\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u900f\u9732\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u8d2b\u56f0\u65f6\uff0c\u6c6a\u6656\u9762\u5e26\u5fae\u7b11\u3002\u201c1999\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u8bfb\u4e66\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6709\u5173\u2018\u4e09
\n\u519c\u2019\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u6307\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u548c\u519c\u6751\uff09\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5b58\u5728\u2018\u4e09\u519c\u2019\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46
\n\u4e24\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u7684\u8bae\u7a0b\u4e0a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
Support From the Top
\n\u9ad8\u5c42\u652f\u6301<\/p>\n
\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u548c\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u660e\u663e\u6709\u5f02\uff0c\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u548c\u6e29\u5bb6\u5b9d\u4ee5\u5176\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u59ff\u6001\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc
\n\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5fc5\u7136\u8ba9\u5de6\u6d3e\u611f\u5230\u9ad8\u5174\u3002\u80e1\u57282002\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u540e\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u6cb3
\n\u5317\u7701\u7684\u897f\u67cf\u5761\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a1949\u5e74\u593a\u53d6\u5317\u4eac\u4e4b\u524d\u6700\u540e\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u5927\u5b57\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u51e0
\n\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u9664\u5915\uff0c\u6e29\u5728\u8fbd\u5b81\u7701\u4e61\u6751\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u519c\u5bb6\uff0c\u91cd\u6f14\u4e86\u57282005\u5e74\u519c\u5386\u540c\u4e00\u5929\u4ed6\u8bbf\u95ee\u7164\u77ff
\n\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u5e55\u3002\u8868\u73b0\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e00\u81f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbf\u95ee\u9769\u547d\u9057\u5740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5728\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba
\n\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6614\u65e5\u5c81\u6708\u8868\u8fbe\u656c\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u65e0\u7591\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u5de6\u6d3e\u548c\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u58f0\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u80e1\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u62b1
\n\u6709\u5de6\u7ffc\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u59ff\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd8\u4e3a\u65f6\u5c1a\u65e9\u3002\u201c\u76ee\u524d\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f
\n\u7ef4\u6301\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e00\u7b49\uff0c\u518d\u770b\u4ed6\u5230\u5e95\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u201d\u4e00\u5bb6\u5de6\u7ffc\u4e66\u5e97\u7684\u67d0\u5e74\u8f7b\u5987\u5973
\n\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u5979\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff08screen name\uff09\uff1a\u7ea2\u661f\u4e3d\u4eba\uff08Red Star Beauty\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u80e1\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u6e1d\u3002\u5f20\u65ed\u4e1c\u5c06\u201c\u548c\u8c10\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u4ee5
\n\u53ca\u80e1\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9057\u5740\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63cf\u8ff0\u6210\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u793a\u540c\u6731\u9555\u57fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u975e\u5e38\u4eb2\u5546\uff0c\u5e76\u6781\u5176\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6cbf
\n\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u2014\u2014\u6e29\u548c\u51b3\u88c2\u7684\u76f8\u5f53\u806a\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b7\u5f97\u67d0\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u597d\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5317\u5927\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u97e9\u6bd3\u6d77\u8ba4\u4e3a\u80e1\u4e0e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u672c\u56fd\u9020\u5c31\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u751f
\n\u6daf\u90fd\u8d77\u81ea\u8349\u6839\u9636\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u80e1\u5728\u7518\u8083\u7701\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8614\u5e74\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u8d2b\u56f0\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u201c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u9093
\n\u548c\u6c5f\uff0c\u80e1\u5c06\u662f\u6700\u50cf\u6bdb\u7684\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u65ad\u5b9a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6124\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u80e1\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fdc\u89c1\uff0c\u800c
\n\u4e14\u4ed6\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u8272\u5f69\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u89c2\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5c45\u5176\u4f4d\u8005\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n
Democratic Traditions?
\n\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f20\u7edf\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u50cf\u6bdb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u4e5f\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u8bcd\u5e76\u975e\u6307\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\uff0c
\n\u800c\u5b81\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u6307\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u5728\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\uff08the Cultural Revolution\uff09\u201d\u7ed3\u675f
\n\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9093\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u515a\u8fdc\u79bb\u4e86\u52a8\u5458\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u56de\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u3001\u5145
\n\u6ee1\u6279\u6597\u4f1a\u548c\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\uff08Red Guard\uff09\u96c6\u4f1a\u7684\u65e7\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u5de6\u7ffc\u5206\u5b50\u610f\u6b32\u5728\u6267\u884c\u515a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8fc7
\n\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5524\u8d77\u66f4\u52a0\u70ed\u60c5\u7684\u6295\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u56de\u5f52\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6700\u521d\u542b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u6c11\u6cbb\uff08rule by the people\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5f53\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3b\uff09\uff0c\u201d
\n\u6c6a\u8bf4\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u65b0\u5de6\u7ffc\u5206\u5b50\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u6c11\u4e3b\u770b\u6cd5\u7eb7\u7e41\u3002\u6c6a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u62bd
\n\u7b7e\u51b3\u5b9a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6c11\u5ba1\u67e5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6765\u6279\u51c6\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u516c\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u7f16\u5236\u9884\u7b97\u2014\u2014\u85c9\u6b64
\n\uff0c\u4e61\u9547\u6216\u519c\u6751\u5c45\u6c11\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u5e02\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u65f6\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u4f60\u8c08\u8bba\u6c11\u4e3b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u4e0b\u8c08\u8bba\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6743
\n\u529b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5206\u914d\u3002\u201d\u5f20\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u6240\u9f13\u5439\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u201c
\n\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u89c4\u5219\u6e38\u620f
\n\u3002\u4f46\u90a3\u662f\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7247\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
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\n\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u9009\u4e3e\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u65b0\u5de6\u7ffc\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4ee5\u6700\u5e7f\u5927\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u4f9d\u5f52\u3002\u201c
\n\u8150\u8d25\u5b98\u5458\u90fd\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u66b4\u53d1\u6237\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f
\n\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u201d\u5de9\u732e\u7530\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n\u4f17\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u6c11\u4e3b\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u8fd9
\n\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u610f\u56fe\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u65b0\u8fd1\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
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\n\u3002\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u90fd\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u90e8\u5236\u5b9a
\n\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u66f4\u591a\u7684\uff08\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u6848\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u653f
\n\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6e20\u9053\uff1b\u66f4\u591a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u6279\u5224
\n\u6027\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3002\u201c\u5f53\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u300a\u7269\u6743
\n\u6cd5\u300b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
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\n\u8bba\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u95ed\u95e8\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76f4\u5230\u672c\u7a3f\u5199\u4f5c\u65f6\u5c1a\u672a\u516c\u5e03\u8be5\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u201c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u5728\u8f83\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u6c6a\u6656\u63d0\u5021\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5927\u8ba8\u8bba\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u6697\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u76f4\u63a5\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u5a92\u4f53
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\n\u53c8\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u505c\u8868\u8fbe\u4f60\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u6269\u5927\u8ba8\u8bba\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
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\n\u5f3a\u786c\u6d3e\u5219\u8d70\u5f97\u5f88\u8fdc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u201c\u5bf9\u5a92\u4f53\u662f\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u201d\u81ea\u79f0\u5c5e\u4e8e
\n\u6bdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u201c\u7ea2\u661f\u4e3d\u4eba\u201d\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4f46\u90a3\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u540c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67d0
\n\u4e9b\u5f15\u5bfc\u3002\u201d\u7136\u540e\u5979\u79bb\u5f00\u53bb\u4e66\u5e97\u91cc\u9762\u4e0e\u540c\u4e8b\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u4eab\u7528\u5916\u5e26\u5957\u9910\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7acb\u9a6c\u53c8\u63d0\u5230\u56e0\u53cd\u897f\u65b9\u60c5\u7eea\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4e0d\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u534e\u5de5\u5546\u8054\u5408\u51fa\u7248
\n\u793e\uff0c1996\u5e74\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5177\u6709\u8bbd\u523a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u57fa
\n\u672c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6392\u65a5\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u8868\u8fbe\u5176\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5f53\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ef7\u503c\u5f97\u4ee5\u66f4\u7262\u56fa\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u4e4b
\n\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6e34\u671b\u8f83\u5c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u518d\u575a\u6301\u5176\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b64
\n\u662f\u5426\u8d5e\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u600e\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\u201d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u62e5\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6
\n\u773c\u4e0b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8be5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ecd\u5b58\u6709\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u7a77\u82e6\u5927\u4f17\u5bf9\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5982
\n\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u90fd\u4e0d\u613f\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u864e\u514b\u5973\u58eb\u662f\u5728\u300a\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\uff08Princeton-in-Asia\uff09\u201d[4]\u9879\u76ee\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n
[1] tipping point\uff0c\u201c\u5f15\u7206\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6e90\u81ea\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u4f20\u67d3\u75be\u75c5\u8fbe\u5230\u8d85\u51fa
\n\u4efb\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u201c\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53c8\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\uff08\u5e76\u8bd1\u4f5c\uff09\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u62d0\u5f2f\u70b9\u201d
\n\u3001\u201c\u7ffb\u8f6c\u70b9\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8e22\u7206\u70b9\u201d\u7b49\u3002\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5ba2\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e13\u680f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u59c6\u00b7\u683c\u62c9\u5fb7\u5a01\u5c14\u5728\u5176\u6240\u64b0
\n\u7684\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u300a\u5f15\u7206\u6d41\u884c\uff08the tipping point\uff09\u300b\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u5f15\u7206\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u8d28\u53d8\u6765\u4e34\u524d
\n\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6cb8\u70b9\u548c\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u8bb0\u8005\u628a\u5b83\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u7684\u793e
\n\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u3002\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5927
\n\u91cf\u9500\u552e\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u201ctipping point\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u989d\u5916\u7684
\n\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u7684\u6210\u4e3a\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u8f83\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u989d\u5916\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u603b\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8774\u8776\u6548\u5e94\u4e2d
\n\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8774\u8776\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u5c0f\u5c0f\u6325\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u201ctipping point\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u201ctipping p
\noint\u201d\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u7acb\u5373\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u65f6\uff0c\u201ctipping point\u201d\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f
\n\u3002\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7ffb\u52a8\u70b9\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u613f\u610f\u5fcd\u53d7\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u96f6\u552e\u4e1a\u7684RFID\u6280\u672f\u548cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5e7f
\n\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
[2] \u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u00b7\u4f2f\u6797\uff08Isaiah Berlin, 1909-1997\uff09\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c
\n\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u83b7\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c1957\u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u7235\u58eb\u79f0\u53f7\u3002
\n1971\u5e74\u53c8\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u529f\u52cb\u52cb\u7ae0\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u66fe\u4efb\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u68ee\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3002\u4f2f\u6797
\n\u57281958\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u201d\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u5206\u4e3a\u79ef
\n\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6d88\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u5728\u201c\u4e3b\u52a8\u201d\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53
\n\u7684\u4eba\u505a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5747\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u610f\u5fd7\u800c\u975e\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u90e8\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u6216\u81ea
\n\u51b3\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u79ef\u6781\u201d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff08LIBERTY TO\u2026\u2026\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u201c\u505a\u2026\u2026\u7684\u81ea
\n\u7531\u201d\u3002\u800c\u6d88\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u201c\u88ab\u52a8\u201d\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5373\u4eba\u5728\u610f\u5fd7\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u884c
\n\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u514d\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5236\u548c\u5e72\u6d89\u201d\u7684\u72b6\u6001(LIBERTY FROM\u2026\u2026)\u3002\u5728\u4f2f\u6797\u770b
\n\u6765\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u3002\u800c\u6d88\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u529b\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709
\n\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u675f\u7f1a\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u5236
\n\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n
[3] \u201c\u96f6\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u201d\uff08Zero Sum Game\uff09\u3001\u201c\u8d1f\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u201d \uff08Negative Sum Game\uff09\u6216\u201c\u6b63\u548c\u6e38
\n\u620f\u201d \uff08Positive Sum Game\uff09\uff0c\u640f\u5f08\u8bba\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4e24\u4eba\u5bf9\u5f08\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u603b\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d62
\n\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u83b7\u80dc\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3a\u5f971\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u8f93\u8005\u5f97-1\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4eba\u5f97\u5206\u4e4b\u548c\u5c31\u662f\uff1a1
\n+\uff08-1\uff09=0\u3002\u96f6\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u539f\u7406\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u8f93\u8d62\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u603b\u6210\u7ee9\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u96f6\u3002\u793e\u4f1a
\n\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u96f6\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u80dc\u5229\u8005\u7684\u559c\u60a6\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5931\u8d25\u8005\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c
\n\u80dc\u5229\u8005\u7684\u5149\u8363\u80cc\u540e\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u8005\u7684\u8f9b\u9178\u4e0e\u82e6\u6da9\u3002\u201c\u8d1f\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u201d\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u535a\u5f08\u53cc\u65b9\u867d\u6709\u4e00\u65b9
\n\u83b7\u80dc\u4f46\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u60e8\u91cd\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u6ca1\u6709\u8d62\u5bb6\u3002\u201c\u6b63\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u201d\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u8d62\u5bb6\u6240\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f93
\n\u5bb6\u6240\u5931\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u5bb6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u201c\u53cc\u8d62\u201d\u6216\u201c\u591a\u8d62\u201d\u3002
\n\u6709\u5173\u201c\u96f6\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff1a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u9a6c\u8def\u4e0a\u8fb9\u6563\u6b65\u8fb9\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898
\n\u3002\u7532\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7a81\u7136\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u4e00\u5806\u72d7\u5c4e\uff0c\u601d\u7d22\u7740\u5bf9\u4e59\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u5403\u4e86\u8fd9\u5806\u72d7\u5c4e\uff0c\u6211
\n\u7ed9\u4f60100\u4e07\u5757\u94b1\u3002\u201d\u4e59\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7ecf\u53d7\u4e0d\u4f4f\u8bf1\u60d1\uff0c\u9042\u5403\u4e86\u90a3\u5806\u72d7\u5c4e\u3002\u5f53\u7136
\n\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7532\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6100\u4e07\u5757\u94b1\u3002\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\uff0c\u4e59\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u4e00\u5806\u72d7\u5c4e\uff0c
\n\u5c31\u5bf9\u7532\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u82e5\u662f\u5403\u4e86\u8fd9\u5806\u72d7\u5c4e\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4f60100\u4e07\u5757\u94b1\u3002\u201d\u7532\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e86\u4e00
\n\u4f1a\u513f\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ecf\u53d7\u4e0d\u4f4f\u8bf1\u60d1\uff0c\u5403\u4e86\u90a3\u5806\u72d7\u5c4e\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e59\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u628a\u7532\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684 100\u4e07
\n\u8fd8\u4e86\u56de\u53bb\u3002\u8d70\u7740\u8d70\u7740\uff0c\u4e59\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5ffd\u7136\u7f13\u8fc7\u795e\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u7532\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8c01\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6323
\n\u5230\u94b1\uff0c\u5374\u5403\u4e86\u4e24\u5bf9\u72d7\u5c4e\uff01\u201d\u7532\u4e5f\u7f13\u8fc7\u795e\u6765\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u4e86200\u4e07\u7684
\nGNP\u554a\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n
[4] Princeton-in-Asia\uff0c\u201c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u201d\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u201c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u8d39\u57ce
\n\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\u66fe\u4e3a\u5929\u6d25\u548c\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\uff08YMCA\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66
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\n\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u201d\uff08Princeton-in-Asia\uff0cPiA\uff09\u3002PiA\u59cb\u7ec8\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e9a\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4
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\n\u5408\u683c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u5e0c\u671b\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u8054\u7cfb\u3002PiA\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8d44
\n\u91d1\u6765\u81ea\u79c1\u4eba\u6350\u6b3e\u3001\u6821\u53cb\u7f51\u7edc\u4ee5\u53ca\u62e8\u6b3e\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0cPiA\u6bcf\u5e74\u8d44\u52a965\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u5230\u4e2d
\n\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u3001\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u8001\u631d\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u7b49\u5730
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\n\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a\u6559\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u5728\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\/\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9886\u57df\u5185\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002PiA\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b9e
\n\u4e60\u751f\u662f\u521a\u521a\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56fd\u5bb6\u5446\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u804c\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u518d\u5ef6
\n\u957f\u4e00\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The Rise of China\u2019s New Left From: Far Eastern Economic Review April 2007 \u8fdc\u4e1c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bc4\u8bba4\u6708\u53f7 by Leslie Hook \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u96f7\u601d\u8389\u00b7\u864e\u514b\uff08Leslie Hook\uff09 \u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u738b\u7ecd\u5149\uff08Wang Shaoguang\uff09\u4e00\u8138\u6b23\u60a6\u5730\u659c\u9760\u5728\u6905\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u5904\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5f15\u7206\u70b9\uff08tipping point\uff09\u201d[1]\u4e0a\u3002\u201c\u6211\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u2018\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\uff08great transformation\uff09\u2019\uff0c\u201d \u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u9664\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5982\u4eca\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u6df1\u6df1\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u524d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":242,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359,1713,64,1016],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-china","category-in-chinese","category-reading","category-1016"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/242"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=121"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/guorui\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}