{"id":5491,"date":"2004-04-10T03:52:28","date_gmt":"2004-04-10T07:52:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/formerlyknownas\/2004\/04\/10\/pronoun-wars-say-no-to-em-yes"},"modified":"2011-08-05T14:58:54","modified_gmt":"2011-08-05T18:58:54","slug":"pronoun-wars-say-no-to-em-yes-to-de-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/2004\/04\/10\/pronoun-wars-say-no-to-em-yes-to-de-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Pronoun Wars: say no to &#8220;em,&#8221; yes to &#8220;de&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name='a1192'><\/a><\/p>\n<p><DIV align=\"right\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/ethicalesq\/eKeyS.gif\" alt=\"eKeyS\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/ethicalesq\/mKeyS.gif\" alt=\"mKeyS\" \/> . . <STRONG><EM><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\">??<\/FONT><\/EM><\/STRONG><\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><\/FONT>&nbsp;<\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">[<A href=\"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/stories\/storyReader$100\">We<EM>a<\/EM>kend<\/A> Special]&nbsp; Until&nbsp;reading <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/civpro.blogs.com\/civil_procedure\/2004\/04\/on_em_as_a_gend.html\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Scheherazade&#8217;s post<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> yesterday, this&nbsp;middle-aged&nbsp;guy didn&#8217;t know there was an &#8220;<STRONG>em<\/STRONG>&#8221; phenomenon, much less a related controversy.&nbsp; It seems that &#8220;em&#8221; is used by a number of writers as a gender-neutral pronoun &#8212; for both subject and object.&nbsp; Lately, <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/uncivillitigator.blogspot.com\/2004_04_01_uncivillitigator_archive.html#108118045500015368\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">The Uncivil Litigator<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> has been thinking, and inviting comments,&nbsp;about the use of gender-neutral pronouns, and has <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/uncivillitigator.blogspot.com\/2004_04_01_uncivillitigator_archive.html#108125581107634609\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">collected<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> some links on the topic.<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\"><FONT size=\"2\">Indeed, it was&nbsp;<EM>UCL<\/EM> who &#8220;inspired&#8221; Scheherazade&#8217;s post, which argues&nbsp;against the use of &#8220;em&#8221;&nbsp;(or any <\/FONT><\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/www.bartleby.com\/61\/51\/E0175100.html\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">epicene<\/FONT><\/A><FONT size=\"2\"><FONT face=\"Arial\"> pronoun) <\/FONT><FONT face=\"Arial\">to mask the gender of the subject person.&nbsp; My summary of Sherry&#8217;s position is &#8220;if gender isn&#8217;t important to the story, just pick one; don&#8217;t make up an annoying pronoun.&#8221;&nbsp; <EM>UCL<\/EM> thinks there are times when you owe it to the subject to make sure her or his identity can&#8217;t be determined from reading the piece; <EM>UCL <\/EM>also thinks just picking&nbsp;or switching genders&nbsp;is &#8220;lying&#8221; to your audience.&nbsp; If it matters, I agree stylistically with Sherry.&nbsp;&nbsp; On a practical level, it also seems that masking the gender may not solve <EM>UCL<\/EM>&#8216;s problem of keeping the subject&#8217;s identity secret.&nbsp; If readers would know who the person is when his or her gender is specified, masking the gender probably offers little protection.<\/FONT><\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/DIV><\/BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">On the broader issue of using gender-neutral singular pronouns (when gender is unknown or irrelevant), I&#8217;m&nbsp;not really convinced we need them.&nbsp; [To me, it&#8217;s the <FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">males&nbsp;who get&nbsp;the short end of the traditional linguistic stick in the context of pronouns &#8212; they don&#8217;t have one of their own, since &#8220;he&#8221; encompasses both genders.<\/FONT>&nbsp; But, it&#8217;s an injustice we are willing to&nbsp;accept in deference to history, and to avoid the pain of change.]&nbsp; As <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/www.legalunderground.com\/\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Evan Schaeffer<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> said in a <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/www2.haloscan.com\/comments.php?user=neilends&amp;comment=108125581107634609#20989\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">comment<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Arial\"><FONT size=\"2\"> to <U>UCL:<\/U><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/ethicalesq\/hKeyS.gif\" alt=\"hKeyS\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/ethicalesq\/eKeyS.gif\" alt=\"eKeyS\" \/>&nbsp; &#8220;This is one of those topics upon which you will never please everyone, but . . . on my site, I try to use the plural &#8216;they&#8217; whenever possible, but often this isn&#8217;t possible. In those cases, I use &#8216;he.&#8217; I&#8217;ve always felt this was the language that was handed down to us, etc. Well, lately I started changing my mind somewhat, and began substituting &#8216;she&#8217; every now and then. My wife, who serves an my editor from time to time, said this was absurb. I should stick with &#8220;he,&#8221; she told me. She&#8217;s always taken the non-specific &#8216;he&#8217; to mean &#8216;he or she.&#8217; So I&#8217;ve got to go with my wife &#8212; &#8216;he&#8217; it is.&#8221;<\/FONT><\/DIV><\/BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Nonetheless, I understand why others disagree with this position and would want to create and use gender-neutral pronouns.&nbsp; Although I&#8217;m not a linguist, I do have some suggestions for those who want to achieve&nbsp;this goal (after&nbsp;at least ten hours&nbsp;thinking <EM>really<\/EM> hard about it).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">The biggest problem with introducing any important new terminology into a language, of course, is that it will be <A href=\"http:\/\/blindinsight.blogs.com\/blindinsight\/2004\/04\/a_neutral_sugge.html\">jarring<\/A> to many in the audience, create confusion and annoyance,&nbsp;and meet with resistance.&nbsp;&nbsp; In addition, the existence of competing neologisms will further retard and maybe defeat the process.&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<UL><br \/>\n<LI><br \/>\n<DIV align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">For example, after a couple of decades, even the convention of &#8220;he\/she&#8221; and &#8220;his\/her&#8221; still grates on many when seen in print&nbsp;&#8212; and it is <EM>way<\/EM> too clumsy when speaking.<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<LI><br \/>\n<DIV align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Similarly, the &#8220;they\/their&#8221; controversy still rages, with traditionalists still insisting that they are plural forms that should never be used with singular antecedents.&nbsp; Proponents, on the other hand, insist there is a long and glorious <A href=\"http:\/\/www.crossmyt.com\/hc\/linghebr\/austheir.html#X1a\">history<\/A> of using the terms, and they want the grammar police to lighten up.&nbsp; I&#8217;m not fond of the singular use of they or their, and am tickled by its <A href=\"http:\/\/www.bartleby.com\/61\/22\/T0162200.html\">etymology<\/A>: &#8220;Middle English, from Old Norse <I>their<\/I>, <STRONG>masculine<\/STRONG> pl. demonstrative and personal pron.&#8221;<\/FONT><\/DIV><\/LI><\/UL><br \/>\n<P align=\"right\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">&#8220;delete key neg&#8221; . .<\/FONT><\/P><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">If we wanted to cultivate a set of non-gender-specific pronouns that refer to human beings &#8212; and make it as acceptable and useful&nbsp;as possible that<U> the choice of pronouns should&nbsp;have the following characteristics<\/U>:<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<OL><br \/>\n<LI><br \/>\n<DIV align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">As with &#8220;he\/his\/him&#8221; and &#8220;she\/hers\/her&#8221;, there&nbsp;must be subject, possessive and object forms of the pronoun.<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<LI><br \/>\n<DIV align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Each pronoun form should be reasonably attractive to look at, say and hear &#8212; <EM>and<\/EM> its pronunciation and spelling should be apparent to the vast majority of readers and listeners.<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<LI><br \/>\n<DIV align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">The pronoun forms should also correspond as much as possible with the forms used in&nbsp;he\/his\/him and she\/hers\/her: (a) like he and she, the subjective form should start with a consonant and have the &#8220;long e&#8221; vowel sound; (b) like his and hers, the possessive form should end with an &#8220;s&#8221;; and (c) the objective form should either end in a consonant other than the &#8220;m&#8221; in him or the &#8220;r&#8221; in her, or should blend the two into &#8220;-rm.&#8221;<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<LI><br \/>\n<DIV align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">If possible, the new words should not have homonyms, connotations, or foreign translations, that detract from their acceptance, seriousness,&nbsp;or clarity.<\/FONT><\/DIV><\/LI><\/OL><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Using the above (rather reasonable and&nbsp;persuasive)&nbsp;criteria, &#8220;em&#8221; badly needs to be deleted from the list of candidates.&nbsp; There are lots of reasons, beyond not looking or sounding right:<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<UL><br \/>\n<LI><br \/>\n<DIV align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">&#8220;<A href=\"http:\/\/www.m-w.com\/cgi-bin\/dictionary?book=Dictionary&amp;va=em\">em<\/A>&#8221; is already a word and it means the letter &#8220;m&#8221;&nbsp; &#8212;&nbsp; in our language, &#8220;M&#8221; is&nbsp;regularly used to designate &#8220;male&#8221;.&nbsp; <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<LI><br \/>\n<DIV align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">the acronym &#8220;EM&#8221; has lots of meanings, including:<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<UL><br \/>\n<LI><br \/>\n<DIV align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><A href=\"http:\/\/www.bartleby.com\/61\/92\/E0099200.html\">EM<\/A>: enlisted man (A male member of the armed forces who ranks below a commissioned officer or warrant officer.)<\/FONT><\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<LI><br \/>\n<DIV align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><A href=\"http:\/\/dictionary.reference.com\/search?q=em\">EM: (law)<\/A> A brand or stigma, having the shape of an M, formerly impressed on one convicted of manslaughter and admitted to the benefit of clergy.<\/FONT><\/FONT><\/DIV><\/LI><\/UL><br \/>\n<LI><br \/>\n<DIV align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">because it is used for subject and object, and has no possessive form, &#8220;em&#8221; is inadequate as a substitute for forms of he and she &#8212; in fact, it&#8217;s more like a lowercase nickname or&nbsp;subsitute name for the person (who you might just as well call &#8220;X&#8221;, which is the custom in our language);<\/DIV><\/LI><\/UL><\/FONT><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/ethicalesq\/DkeyS.gif\" alt=\"dKeyS\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/ethicalesq\/eKeyS.gif\" alt=\"eKeyS\" \/>&nbsp; If we rule out &#8220;em&#8221;, and follow the suggested criteria above, the most&nbsp;appropriate&nbsp;options for the subject&nbsp;form of a gender-neutral pronoun appear to be: de, ve and ze.&nbsp; &nbsp;[Click <A href=\"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/stories\/storyReader$1191\">here<\/A>, if you are dying to know why other options seem unsuitable to me.]&nbsp; Of these three, <STRONG>my preference is &#8220;de&#8221;<\/STRONG> (pronounced &#8220;dee&#8221;).&nbsp; Granted, the word de might be confused with the State of Delaware, or derided as Brooklynese for &#8220;the,&#8221;&nbsp;but it seems far less exotic than ze (which has a French accent, don&#8217;t you think?), or than ve.<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<UL><br \/>\n<LI><br \/>\n<DIV align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">And, <U>&#8220;de&#8221; has an appropriate linguistic history<\/U>:&nbsp; In <A href=\"http:\/\/www.allwords.com\/query.php?SearchType=3&amp;Keyword=de&amp;goquery=Find+it%21&amp;Language=NLD\">Dutch<\/A>, it is (1) used to refer to a particular person or thing, or group of people or things, already mentioned, implied or known; or (2)&nbsp;used before a singular noun: <I>denoting<\/I> all the members of a group or class. <\/FONT><\/DIV><\/LI><\/UL><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">If de is the subjective form of the pronoun, I would suggest &#8220;darm&#8221; for the objective form and &#8220;darms&#8221; for the possessive, utilzing the &#8220;r&#8221; from her and the &#8220;m&#8221; from him.&nbsp; Using the vowel &#8220;a&#8221; avoids the &#8220;i&#8221; in his and him and the &#8220;e&#8221; in hers and her.&nbsp; (On the other hand, &#8220;o&#8221; yields &#8220;dorm&#8221;, which is confusing to students, teachers, administrators, and parents; &#8220;u&#8221; makes funny-looking little words, and conjures up dum-de-dum-dum; and &#8220;y&#8221; as a vowel in the middle of&nbsp;a word just plain scares away the non-radical.)<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/ethicalesq\/profyabutsmallflip.jpg\" alt=\"prof yabut small flip\" \/>&nbsp; So, advocates for having and using&nbsp;a gender-neutral pronoun need to unite on a single set of pronouns and inform the English-speaking world of their goal.&nbsp; If anyone disagrees with the choice of <STRONG>de\/darms\/darm<\/STRONG>, de&nbsp;should&nbsp;leave darms opinion in our Comment box.&nbsp; I thank darm in advance.&nbsp; For those who don&#8217;t feel an urgent need for gender-neutral pronouns, I suggest adopting a position of bemusement rather than annoyance &#8212; it cuts down on the <A href=\"http:\/\/www.bartleby.com\/61\/28\/A0142800.html\">agita<\/A>.<\/FONT><\/DIV><\/BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><FONT face=\"Arial\"><FONT size=\"2\"><FONT color=\"red\"><EM><STRONG>Update<\/STRONG><\/EM> (04-12-04<\/FONT>): Check out <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/uncivillitigator.blogspot.com\/2004_04_01_uncivillitigator_archive.html#108179348665543951\"><FONT size=\"2\">Uncivil Litigator<\/FONT><\/A><FONT size=\"2\">&#8216;s contemplative continuation of this discussion <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/uncivillitigator.blogspot.com\/2004_04_01_uncivillitigator_archive.html#108179348665543951\"><FONT size=\"2\">here<\/FONT><\/A><FONT size=\"2\">.&nbsp; I hope readers can tell from the pensive post above, that I have little or no emotional, adversarial,&nbsp;or professional stake in the great GNP debate.&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT face=\"Geneva,Arial,Sans-Serif\">If&nbsp;I did, I&#8217;d list all the very good points above that UCL ignores when concluding that&nbsp;de is&nbsp;&#8220;not any less or more attractive than &#8220;em&#8221;.&nbsp; [If one\/de used em-oticons, this would be a very good place for one.]&nbsp; Although the Comment Meter is not working below, click <A href=\"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/discuss\/msgReader$1202?mode=topic&amp;y=2004&amp;m=4&amp;d=12\">here<\/A> for UCL&#8217;s Comment to this Update.<\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/DIV><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; . . ?? &nbsp; [Weakend Special]&nbsp; Until&nbsp;reading Scheherazade&#8217;s post yesterday, this&nbsp;middle-aged&nbsp;guy didn&#8217;t know there was an &#8220;em&#8221; phenomenon, much less a related controversy.&nbsp; It seems that &#8220;em&#8221; is used by a number of writers as a gender-neutral pronoun &#8212; for both subject and object.&nbsp; Lately, The Uncivil Litigator has been thinking, and inviting comments,&nbsp;about [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2926],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pre-06-2006"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6kP1R-1qz","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/94"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5491"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13898,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5491\/revisions\/13898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}