{"id":4126,"date":"2004-12-08T18:58:56","date_gmt":"2004-12-08T22:58:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/formerlyknownas\/2004\/12\/08\/baseballs-antitrust-exemption"},"modified":"2011-08-05T14:58:09","modified_gmt":"2011-08-05T18:58:09","slug":"baseballs-antitrust-exemption-intestate-commerce-stare-decisis-on-s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/2004\/12\/08\/baseballs-antitrust-exemption-intestate-commerce-stare-decisis-on-s\/","title":{"rendered":"baseball&#8217;s antitrust exemption: intestate commerce (stare decisis on steroids?)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name='a2882'><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n<DIV><EM><A href=\"http:\/\/caselaw.lp.findlaw.com\/scripts\/getcase.pl?navby=case&amp;court=us&amp;vol=259&amp;page=200\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">Federal Club v. National League<\/FONT><\/A><\/EM><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"> is the disinherited child of interstate commerce law.&nbsp; In a decision <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, the Supreme Court decided in 1922 that baseball is <EM>not<\/EM> commerce <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">and the antitrust laws did not apply.&nbsp; Although interstate commerce doctrine has changed mightily <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">since then, and all other sports have been brought under the interstate commerce umbrella, baseball <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">still has its antitrust exemption, due to the application of&nbsp; the principle of <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/www.lectlaw.com\/def2\/s065.htm\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"black\" size=\"2\"><STRONG>stare decisis<\/STRONG><\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">&nbsp;[&#8220;let&nbsp;what is <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">decided&nbsp;stand&#8221;]&nbsp;in <A href=\"http:\/\/caselaw.lp.findlaw.com\/scripts\/getcase.pl?court=us&amp;vol=407&amp;invol=258\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"#000000\" size=\"2\"><EM>Flood v. Kuhn<\/EM><\/FONT><\/A><\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"> in 1972.<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/ethicalesq\/atbatneg.gif\" alt=\"at bat neg\" \/>&nbsp; <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"><\/FONT>&nbsp;<\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">The interest in Congress over the use of steriods by baseball players has renewed the issue.&nbsp; Two days <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">ago,&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT color=\"black\"> <\/FONT><\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"black\" size=\"2\">I <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/2004\/12\/06#a2862\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"black\" size=\"2\">asked<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"><FONT color=\"black\">&nbsp;if any<\/FONT> one knew the current status of baseball under the Commerce Clause.&nbsp; Today, Greg <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">at <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/sports-law.blogspot.com\/\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">Sports Law Blog<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"> <\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">has strongly <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/sports-law.blogspot.com\/2004\/12\/professional-baseball-and-interstate.html\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"#000000\" size=\"2\">reiterated<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"> his belief that baseball is interstate commerce, disagreeing with <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/federalism.typepad.com\/crime_federalism\/2004\/12\/the_baseball_cl.html\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"#000000\" size=\"2\">Fed84<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">.&nbsp; Besides <\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">all the factual and doctrinal reasons that support this conclusion, Greg points to one <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">sentence in <\/FONT><EM><A href=\"http:\/\/caselaw.lp.findlaw.com\/scripts\/getcase.pl?court=us&amp;vol=407&amp;invol=258\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"#000000\" size=\"2\">Flood v. Kuhn<\/FONT><\/A><\/EM><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"> , the assertion that:<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<UL><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">&#8220;Professional baseball is a business and it is engaged in interstate commerce.&#8221;<\/FONT><\/UL><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">And, Greg adds: &#8220;If it was true in 1972, I have to imagine it is true today.&#8221;&nbsp; I would hope that common <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">sense prevails and baseball would be once and for all included within the Commerce Clause (and lose its <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">antitrust exemption).&nbsp; However, I must note that the sentence from <EM>Flood <\/EM>is strictly speaking <EM><A href=\"http:\/\/www.lectlaw.com\/def\/d047.htm\"><FONT color=\"black\">dictum<\/FONT><\/A><\/EM>, as the <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">issue did not have to be reached by the Court, which upheld the <EM>Federal Club<\/EM> antitrust exemption,<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">explaining:<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">&#8220;If there is any inconsistency or illogic in all this, it is an inconsistency and illogic of <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">long standing that is to be remedied by the Congress and not by this Court. If we were <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">to act otherwise, we would be withdrawing from the conclusion as to congressional intent <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">made in <EM>Toolson<\/EM> and from the concerns as to retrospectivity therein expressed. Under <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">these circumstances, there is merit in consistency even though some might claim that <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">beneath that consistency is a layer of inconsistency.&#8221; <\/FONT><\/DIV><\/BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/ethicalesq\/atbat.gif\" alt=\"at bat\" \/>&nbsp; I believe <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/sports-law.blogspot.com\/2004\/12\/congress-to-take-action-on-steroids-as.html\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"#000000\" size=\"2\">Greg was correct<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"> when he said, on December 6, that Congress might use the threat to <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">withdraw <\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">baseball&#8217;s antitrust exemption as leverage to get baseball to fix the steroid problem on its own.&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">[Of course, <\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">that would pit the players&#8217; interest in having the antitrust exemption removed with the owners&#8217; <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">desire to <\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">keep the exemption.]<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"><\/FONT>&nbsp;<\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">Two parting thoughts: (1) it will be interesting to see how this conservative Supreme Court deals with both <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">the <\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">Commerce Clause and <EM>stare decisis<\/EM> in a number of cases in the next few years; consistency? activism?&nbsp; <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">(2) The <\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\"><FONT size=\"2\"><EM>Federal Club<\/EM> case indicates that even so venerable a justice as Oliver W. Holmes can come to a conclusion in a Commerce Clause case that <\/FONT><\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">seems to be based on personal whim rather than on precedent <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">and common sense (see <\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">the discussion in <EM><A href=\"http:\/\/caselaw.lp.findlaw.com\/scripts\/getcase.pl?court=us&amp;vol=407&amp;invol=258\"><FONT color=\"#000000\">Flood<\/FONT><\/A>, 407 U.S. 258, 271, <\/EM>showing there were precedent by the<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">likes of Learned Hand, <\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">Justice Harlan, and Holmes himself that pointed to finding baseball to be commerce).&nbsp; Folks might keep that <\/FONT><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">in mind when predicting the results in the&nbsp;pendng <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/www.goldsteinhowe.com\/blog\/archive\/2004_12_05_SCOTUSblog.cfm#110242280407341914\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"#000000\" size=\"2\">wine shipping<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"> and <\/FONT><A href=\"blogs.salon.com\/0002762\/stories\/ 2004\/11\/23\/raichVAshcroftAGuideToTheS.html \"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"#000000\" size=\"2\">medical marijuana<\/FONT><\/A><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT size=\"2\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\">cases<\/FONT>.<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT size=\"2\"><\/FONT>&nbsp;<\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT size=\"2\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\"><FONT color=\"red\"><EM><STRONG>update<\/STRONG><\/EM><\/FONT><FONT color=\"black\"> (Oct. 1, 2005)<\/FONT><FONT color=\"black\">:<\/FONT> More on this topic in &#8220;<\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/2005\/10\/01#a4965\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"black\">exempt this! baseball, antitrust &amp; stare decisis&#8221;,<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\"> <\/FONT><\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT size=\"2\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\"><FONT color=\"#2294bc\"><FONT color=\"#000000\" size=\"2\">which discusses&nbsp;<A href=\"http:\/\/thelichfieldgroup.com\/principals\/\"><FONT color=\"black\"><STRONG>Bruce Fein<\/STRONG><\/FONT><\/A>&#8216;s article <\/FONT><\/FONT><FONT size=\"2\">&#8220;<A href=\"http:\/\/www.dcbar.org\/for_lawyers\/washington_lawyer\/october_2005\/stand.cfm\"><EM><STRONG><FONT color=\"#42aac8\">Baseball&#8217;s Privileged Antitrust Exemption<\/FONT><\/STRONG><\/EM><\/A>&#8221; <\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><FONT size=\"2\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\"><FONT size=\"2\">(<EM>Washington&nbsp;<\/EM><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT size=\"2\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\"><FONT size=\"2\"><EM>Lawyer<\/EM>, Oct. 2005).&nbsp; Fein gives the history of the exemption and shows how it has harmed fans in <\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT size=\"2\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\"><FONT size=\"2\">the <\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><FONT size=\"2\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman\">District of Columbia.<\/FONT><\/DIV><\/BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><\/FONT><FONT face=\"Arial\"><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT size=\"2\"><\/FONT>&nbsp;<\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT size=\"2\">high noon<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT size=\"2\">the boys refill<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT size=\"2\">their water pistols<\/FONT><\/DIV><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\"><FONT size=\"2\"><\/FONT>&nbsp;<\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\"><FONT size=\"2\"><\/FONT><FONT><SPAN><FONT><SPAN><FONT face=\"Arial\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\"><EM>&nbsp;<\/DIV><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">the foul ball lands<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">in an empty seat<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">summer&#8217;s end<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><\/FONT>&nbsp;<\/DIV><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" style=\"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px\"><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/FONT><FONT face=\"Arial\"><\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" style=\"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px\"><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">bases loaded<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">a full moon clears <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">the right field fence<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><\/FONT>&nbsp;<\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV><FONT face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><\/FONT>&nbsp;<\/DIV><\/DIV><\/BLOCKQUOTE><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" style=\"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px\"><FONT size=\"2\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/ethicalesq\/baseball.gif\" alt=\"baseball\" \/>&nbsp; <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/2004\/05\/17#a1494\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"#ff0000\" size=\"2\">Tom Painting<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"> <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" style=\"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">&#8220;high noon&#8221; &#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;July Selection, <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/www.snapshotpress.co.uk\/\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"#000000\" size=\"2\">Snapshot Press<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">, <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/www.snapshotpress.co.uk\/the_haiku_calendar\/2005.htm\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"><EM>2005 Haiku Calendar<\/EM><\/FONT><\/A><FONT size=\"2\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" style=\"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">&#8220;the foul ball lands&#8221; &#8211; <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/www.modernhaiku.org\/issue35-2\/\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" color=\"#000000\" size=\"2\">Modern Haiku<\/FONT><\/A><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\"> 35.2 (Summer 2004);&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" style=\"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px\"><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">&#8220;bases loaded&#8221; &#8211; from the haiku chapbook <\/FONT><A href=\"http:\/\/www.geocities.com\/bottlerockets_99\/piano.html\"><EM><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">piano practice<\/FONT><\/EM><\/A><FONT face=\"Times New Roman,Times,Serif\" size=\"2\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/DIV><br \/>\n<DIV dir=\"ltr\" style=\"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px\">&nbsp;<\/DIV><\/EM><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/FONT><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Federal Club v. National League is the disinherited child of interstate commerce law.&nbsp; In a decision written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, the Supreme Court decided in 1922 that baseball is not commerce and the antitrust laws did not apply.&nbsp; Although interstate commerce doctrine has changed mightily since then, and all other sports have been brought [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2926],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pre-06-2006"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6kP1R-14y","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/94"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4126"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13471,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4126\/revisions\/13471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/ethicalesq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}