{"id":25,"date":"2018-04-25T16:53:37","date_gmt":"2018-04-25T16:53:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.harvard.edu\/es25finalproject\/?p=25"},"modified":"2018-04-26T05:26:51","modified_gmt":"2018-04-26T05:26:51","slug":"upadte-3-425","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/es25finalproject\/2018\/04\/25\/upadte-3-425\/","title":{"rendered":"Update 3 (4\/25)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Our next update has 2 main components addressing the two constructed parts of our speaker: The mechanical elements, and the electrical elements.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mechanical Update:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

As we continued to discuss our ideas for the housing of the speaker, we discovered that the thermoforming materials that we have access to are only applicable to fairly thin plastics. This would make it a more flimsy product than our original intended vision. In order to provide more structural support for the casing, we now plan to 3D print the back, rounded casing. We hope to begin manufacturing in the next few days. Updated CAD model images are included below.<\/p>\n

Casing:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 1 and 2: Layered protrusions from the body which support the handle axels and driver mount.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Figure 3: back of speaker with recessed handle, user handle indentation, hole for volume control potentiometer, and audio jack and micro usb ports.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fixtures:<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 4: Driver mount with screw holes for driver and connection to casing.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Figure 5: Driver mount with screw holes for driver and connection to casing.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 6: Profile section view of faceplate and driver mount in casing. Casing and driver mount form an airtight seal.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Complete Assembly:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Figure 7: Complete Speaker Assembly<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Electrical Update:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Below we have included the schematics for the electrical circuit to drive our speaker (thank you Jim!!). The general idea of the circuit is that there is a Li-Poly battery that gives us the Voltage needed to run the speaker. We then regulate the 5V down to about 4.2V. There are then 2 mirroring circuits that will affect volume control and amplify the sounds slightly. From there, we sum these two signals, and finally input them into a (NAME) chip which acts very similarly to a PWM (control?) which will “magically do the work for you!” -Jim. This output is then connected directly to our driver to produce the intended level of sound.<\/p>\n

More specifically, here is a description of the circuit (as described by Jim):<\/p>\n

This amp is designed to power a small speaker in a small enclosure, from a variety of sources, including headphone jacks and line outputs.\u00a0 It features a rechargeable battery which is charged through a standard micro-USB connector.
\nThe charger circuit is U2, in the lower left of the schematic.This chip is designed to take a 5V input from a USB cable and charge a lithium-ion battery to its maximum voltage of 4.2V.\u00a0 The battery is connected to J2, to the right of U2.\u00a0 The resulting power source can vary from 4.2V down to 3.5V or lower when the battery discharges.\u00a0 That’s not a lot of voltage, so the rest of the components need to be specially chosen to run on lower voltage.\u00a0 In particular, I needed to find a low-voltage operation amplifier, so I chose the LME49721<\/div>\n
\n
\n
One of the problems with running off of batteries is that audio signals are both positive and negative with respect to ground, so you will see a lot of capacitors in the signal path, whose job is to allow me to shift the signals so they’re centered around a point halfway between Vcc, which is the battery’s voltage, and ground.\u00a0 That’s the job of voltage divider R24-R25 on the left.<\/div>\n

Stereo audio comes in on J3 in the upper left and gets attenuated by ganged potentiometers R10 and R18.\u00a0 Putting the signals through potentiometers before going into op-amps is a way to allow the amp to work with large signals that would otherwise have caused the amps to clip.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

The main job of U3A and U3B is to present a high input impedance to whatever is driving the amp, but they also add a bit of gain — a factor of two in the audio band.\u00a0 We can adjust this gain by changing resistor values if needed, after listening to the speaker through your phones.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Once through U3, the left and right channels are summed together by inverting summer U4.\u00a0 The output of U4 then goes to the magic digital speaker driver U6.<\/div>\n
The SSM2305’s operation is similar to the PWM amplifier that Landon from Bose talked about, but it’s a bit more complicated than the PWM concept — it uses a technique called Sigma-Delta modulation.<\/div>\n
SpeakerAmpBat1<\/a><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Our next update has 2 main components addressing the two constructed parts of our speaker: The mechanical elements, and the electrical elements.   Mechanical Update: As we continued to discuss our ideas for the housing of the speaker, we discovered that the thermoforming materials that we have access to are only applicable to fairly thin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9576,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-uncategorized","post_format-post-format-image"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/es25finalproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/es25finalproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/es25finalproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/es25finalproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9576"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/es25finalproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/es25finalproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/es25finalproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25\/revisions\/45"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/es25finalproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/es25finalproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/es25finalproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}