{"id":1753,"date":"2019-02-12T18:52:02","date_gmt":"2019-02-12T18:52:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.harvard.edu\/erping999\/?p=1753"},"modified":"2019-02-12T21:07:03","modified_gmt":"2019-02-12T21:07:03","slug":"has-china-lost-her-soul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/erping999\/2019\/02\/12\/has-china-lost-her-soul\/","title":{"rendered":"Has China Lost Her Soul?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Reviving China\u2019s rich spiritual heritage can bring fundamental social change, hope to the Middle Kingdom<\/div>\n
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Peter Zhang<\/div>\n
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Just days after New Year\u2019s celebrations wound down around the world, China\u2019s National Space Administration (CNSA) achieved a historic lunar milestone on Jan. 3, by soft-landing a probe on the dark side of the moon, that is, the side of the moon that we denizens of the earth can\u2019t see.<\/p>\n

Few Westerners, nonetheless, might have paid much attention to the name of this mission\u2019s spacecraft, Chang\u2019e-4 and that of the landed rover, Yutu-2. Both, however, are legendary and household names in China.<\/p>\n

While Western companies seem to enjoy drawing some ethereal inspiration from ancient Greek mythology by choosing names such as Nike, Oracle, Amazon, Pandora, and Alphabet, the Chinese communist regime, despite its atheist underpinnings, turns to China\u2019s spiritual roots and mythology to name its space probes.<\/p>\n

The names from China\u2019s glorious past aren\u2019t some fad or nostalgia; the Party uses the ancient names because they subtly suggest that China started its space exploration much earlier than its Western competitors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

In Chinese mythology, Chang\u2019e, the goddess of the Moon, is married to Houyi, a fabled archer who shot down nine of the 10 flaming suns in the sky to spare humans on earth from death due to the heat. Yutu (the Jade Rabbit) is an immortal pet that keeps company with the beautiful Chang\u2019e.<\/p>\n

In addition, CNSA\u2019s other space-exploration projects and probes have all, thus far, been given otherworldly names, such as Tianzhou (Heavenly Ship 1-11), Shenzhou (Divine Ship), and Tiangong 1 & 2 (Heavenly Palace Skylab 1 & 2), to name but a few.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, that is just about as far as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) will go these days, in terms of referencing China\u2019s deistic past.<\/p>\n

The Divinely Inspired \u2018Middle Kingdom\u2019<\/strong><\/h2>\n

China\u2019s 5,000-year civilization shares much in common with Greek civilization. Both Chinese and Greek mythologies assert that the universe was created out of the great chaos, each civilization beginning with timeless myths of immortals, demigods, and humans with supernatural powers, who later evolve into the mortal beings that we have become today.<\/p>\n

The Yellow Emperor (2698-2598 BCE), widely regarded as the first Chinese ruler, was able to use supernatural powers to fight off enemies. Inspired by the heavens, the Yellow Emperor created the first calendar and the book, \u201cThe Yellow Emperor\u2019s Inner Canon,\u201d which revealed the theoretical basis of Chinese medicine.<\/p>\n

The Yellow Emperor\u2019s reign was known for \u201crule by virtue.\u201d According to the text of The Zhuangzi (ancient Chinese text dating from the late Warring States period (446\u2013221 BC)), the Yellow Emperor became a Taoist deity later in life.<\/p>\n

As a native Chinese spiritual denomination, Taoism is virtually as ancient as Chinese civilization. It wasn\u2019t until Lao Tzu (601 BC\u2013?), who wrote the text of \u201cTao Te Ching,\u201d that Taoism became an established mind-body belief system.<\/p>\n

Lao Tzu (\u201cOld Master\u201d in Chinese) is widely regarded as the founder of Taoism and one of the \u201cThree Pure Deities\u201d of the Taoist School. Lao Tzu\u2019s teachings include the ideas of Yin and Yang, living in harmony with the Way (nature), nothingness, cultivation of mind and body for the truth, and ultimately returning to one\u2019s original \u201ctrue soul.\u201d<\/p>\n

Such timeless Chinese cosmogony, over the centuries, has helped shape and influence Chinese culture and way of life. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Taoism became officially the imperial orthodoxy for the state.<\/p>\n

Despite its enormous influence, Buddhism came to China in the East Han Dynasty as an imported foreign religion. Legend has it that one day in 67 A.D., Emperor Ming dreamed of a golden person flying into his palace, and so, he asked his ministers for an explanation.<\/p>\n

A minister named Fu Yi responded, \u201cYour Majesty, you might have dreamed of the great Western sage called Buddha.\u201d Accordingly, Ming sent Cai Yin, a military official, as his envoy to the West in search of Buddhism.<\/p>\n

Cai Yin and his entourage met two Buddhists, Dharmaratna and K\u0101\u015byapa M\u0101ta\u1e47ga, on the way and brought them back, along with Buddhist scriptures on the back of a white horse, to Luo Yang, capital of the East Han Dynasty.<\/p>\n

Ming was delighted and built the well-known White Horse Temple for the two visitors, where they translated \u201c42 Scriptures\u201d into the Chinese language, the first Buddhist scriptures in Chinese.<\/p>\n

Over the centuries, Buddhism has been held in high esteem in China and revered as the official imperial religion by emperors of many dynasties.<\/p>\n

Its ideas of karmic retribution, reincarnation, compassion, and salvation for all predestined sentient beings have not only been applied to many aspects of society, but have also been profoundly reflected in fine art, music, and literature.<\/p>\n

The famous Chinese novel, \u201cJourney to the West\u201d (1592), is based on a legendary pilgrimage by the monk Xuanzang to Central Asia, with the assistance of the Monkey King, in a quest for Buddhist sutras.<\/p>\n

\u201cA Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms\u201d alone has collected nearly 30,000 Buddhist vocabulary entries that were created by Buddhist monks within some 800 years between the Han and the Tang dynasties\u2014these terms include words commonly used to this day, such as \u201cnow,\u201d \u201cpast,\u201d \u201cworld,\u201d \u201cfuture,\u201d and others.<\/p>\n

Confucius as a Spiritual Teacher <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Confucius (551\u2013479 BC) is perhaps among the most misunderstood sages in today\u2019s China and abroad. Widely considered one of the greatest Chinese philosophers, Confucius was largely ignored for his role in teaching his followers to obey the will or mandate of Heaven.<\/p>\n

After the CCP came to power in 1949, Confucius was denounced, particularly during the Cultural Revolution (1966\u201376). Despite Confucianism making a comeback in society today, Confucius is largely seen as a humanist and philosopher, and not the spiritual teacher that he actually was.<\/p>\n

Fasheng Zhao, a researcher at the China Academy of Social Sciences, took note of this obvious omission in his article, \u201cOn Confucius\u2019 Belief.\u201d Zhao pointed out that for most of the 20th century, religious beliefs were seen as being \u201cbackward\u201d and \u201cignorant\u201d in atheist China.<\/p>\n

Radical revolutionaries regard Confucius as one who wished to turn the wheel of history back to the slavery system, while conservative scholars, out of the desire to protect Confucianism, have eagerly tried to highlight Confucius\u2019 humanist side, so as to prove that Confucianism is progressive and relevant in today\u2019s China.<\/p>\n

Zhao argues, \u201cThe religious aspect has an important role in Confucianism, short of which we won\u2019t be able to comprehend the true spirit of Confucianism, nor would we be able to sort out the sources and characteristics of Confucius\u2019 humanism. We would then have a flawed and incomplete picture of Confucius.\u201d<\/p>\n

Zhao further points out, \u201cConfucianism is known as the scholarship of Heavenly beings.\u201d In \u201cAnalects\u201d alone, Zhao observes that Confucius mentions Heaven or Will of Heaven 19 times. Zhao holds that the Heaven that Confucius spoke of refers to a supernatural divine ruler, not an abstract concept.<\/p>\n

Confucius is also known for advocating the Golden Mean in life, as he equates excess to deficiency, an idea that echoes those held by ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle in particular.<\/p>\n

China\u2019s Culture is Divinely Inspired<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Confucius once said, \u201cStudy the past, if you would divine the future.\u201d Today\u2019s Chinese culture under communist rule, however, is missing the divine soul and spiritual traditions.<\/p>\n

Government officials and employees, members of the armed forces, including the state-sanctioned Taoist and Buddhist associations, must pledge allegiance to the atheist Chinese Communist Party (CCP).<\/p>\n

As widely reported by international media and human-rights groups, underground Christians, Tibetan Buddhists, and Falun Gong practitioners experience many forms of ill-treatment, with some of them even becoming victims of state-sponsored organ harvesting.<\/p>\n

Given that communist ideology is a Western import, the CCP sees the revival of traditional religious practices, as well as China\u2019s true cultural heritage, as a threat to its ideological foundation and its legitimacy.<\/p>\n

Today, not only are religious practices tightly regulated by the CCP, even traditional art forms and stage productions involving Chinese history are heavily censored.<\/p>\n

On Jan. 25, the Beijing Daily reversed its previous praise for five popular TV drama series: Empresses in the Palace, The Legend of MiYue, Scarlet Heart, Story of Yanxi Palace, and Ruyi\u2019s Royal Love in the Palace, by condemning them for focusing on internal power struggles in the imperial palace, thereby, implying that similar situations are going on inside the CCP\u2019s top bureaucracy today.<\/p>\n

All five TV dramas are now off the air, even though four of them were based on Qing Dynasty story settings of more than 100 years ago, and one from the Warring States period (475\u2013221 BC).<\/p>\n

When the acclaimed New York-based Shen Yun Performing Arts company produces a dance program that features traditional Chinese dance, music, and costume, Beijing, again, feels threatened.<\/p>\n

The CCP\u2019s diplomats abroad are now charged with an unusual diplomatic mission: coercing hosting theaters to reject or cancel Shen Yun performances. While most theaters embrace Shen Yun performances, a few have surrendered to Beijing\u2019s roguish demands. Teatro Real de Madrid, for example, caved in and canceled shows scheduled between Jan. 31 and Feb. 2, even as hundreds of tickets had been sold in advance.<\/p>\n

As Socrates observed, \u201cAll men\u2019s souls are immortal, but the souls of the righteous are immortal and divine.\u201d In this digital age, people around the world are still able to find inspiration through some form of spirituality or from their divine cultural heritage.<\/p>\n

In an increasingly more materialistic China, the spiritual void is quickly eroding the foundations of Chinese society and her timeless, divinely inspired culture. It is, however, encouraging to note that there are still tens of millions of Chinese people seeking China\u2019s spiritual traditions or joining underground religions and practices.<\/p>\n

The most harmful sin the CCP has committed is, arguably, decades of its relentless effort to disconnect 1.3 billion people from their spiritual traditions and cultural heritage. The breakdown of trust between people and between the people and the state that is often mentioned by outside observers is a direct consequence of the Party\u2019s atheist, anti-tradition policies.<\/p>\n

A 2-year-old girl, Wang Yue (known as \u201cYue Yue\u201d), in Foshan, Guangdong, was run over by two vehicles on Oct. 13, 2011, and for seven minutes, passersby made no effort to help the bleeding victim, who died. Good Samaritans don\u2019t appear often in China out of apathy, or fear of being sued. This case, unfortunately, isn\u2019t rare in today\u2019s communist China. In a normal society, such callous indifference could hardly occur.<\/p>\n

When its moral compass is missing, a nation without a spiritual soul and divine past is doomed to oppose humanity. Even the cartoon character Bart Simpson, in one episode, appears to be perplexed, \u201cWhat happened to you, China? You used to be cool.\u201d<\/p>\n

Feb 8, 2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reviving China\u2019s rich spiritual heritage can bring fundamental social change, hope to the Middle Kingdom Peter Zhang Just days after New Year\u2019s celebrations wound down around the world, China\u2019s National Space Administration (CNSA) achieved a historic lunar milestone on Jan. 3, by soft-landing a probe on the dark side of the moon, that is, the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3878,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[295525],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-erpings-writings"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/erping999\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1753","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/erping999\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/erping999\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/erping999\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3878"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/erping999\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1753"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/erping999\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1753\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1755,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/erping999\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1753\/revisions\/1755"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/erping999\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/erping999\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/erping999\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}