{"id":810,"date":"2006-03-17T22:26:41","date_gmt":"2006-03-18T02:26:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/dbnews\/2006\/03\/17\/dr-dolittle-at-darpa\/"},"modified":"2006-03-17T22:26:41","modified_gmt":"2006-03-18T02:26:41","slug":"dr-dolittle-at-darpa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/2006\/03\/17\/dr-dolittle-at-darpa\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr. Dolittle at Darpa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name='a8162'><\/a><\/p>\n<table width=\"537\" border=\"0\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/dowbrigade\/\ncyborgbugs.gif\" width=\"203\" height=\"480\" align=\"left\">The Pentagon&#8217;s defence scientists want to create an army of cyber-insects<br \/>\n        that can be remotely controlled to check out explosives and send transmissions.<\/p>\n<p>      The idea is to insert micro-systems at the pupa stage, when the insects<br \/>\n      can integrate them into their body, so they can be remotely controlled<br \/>\n      later.<\/p>\n<p>      Experts told the BBC some ideas were feasible but others seemed &quot;ludicrous&quot;.<\/p>\n<p>      A similar scheme aimed at manipulating wasps failed when they flew off<br \/>\n      to feed and mate.<\/p>\n<p>      The new scheme is a brainwave of the Defence Advanced Research Projects<br \/>\n      Agency (Darpa), which is tasked with maintaining the technological superiority<br \/>\n      of the US military.<\/p>\n<p>from the <a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/americas\/4808342.stm\">BBC<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Darpa, of course, are the clever darlings who <strong>really<\/strong> invented<br \/>\n          the internet (get real, Al Gore), named at that embrionic stage Arpanet.<br \/>\n          Not all their<br \/>\n        projects, however, have turned out quite that well&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Our favorite part of the article is a breif review of other US attempts<br \/>\n        to use animals in warfare. To wit:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>ANIMALS IN WARFARE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>        <strong>WWII<\/strong>: Attach a bomb to a cat and drop it from a dive-bomber on to Nazi<br \/>\n          ships. The cat, hating water, will &quot;wrangle&quot; itself on to<br \/>\n          enemy ship&#8217;s deck. In tests cats became unconscious in mid-air<\/p>\n<p>          <strong>WWII:<\/strong> Attach incendiaries to bats. Induce hibernation and drop them from<br \/>\n        planes. They wake up, fly into factories etc and blow up. Failed to wake<br \/>\n        from hibernation and fell to death<\/p>\n<p>        <strong>Vietnam War<\/strong>: Dolphins trained to tear off diving gear of Vietcong divers<br \/>\n        and drag them to interrogation, sources linked to the programme say.<br \/>\n        Syringes later placed on dolphin flippers to inject carbon dioxide into<br \/>\n        divers, who explode. US Navy has always denied using mammals to harm<br \/>\n      humans<\/p>\n<p>also from the <a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/americas\/4808342.stm\">BBC<\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em>Incomplete list.&nbsp;We are reminded of the strange<br \/>\n          and somewhat sad case of Richard Hernstein, know among Harvard undergraduates<br \/>\n          back<br \/>\n          in<br \/>\n        the day as the &quot;Pigeon Professor.&quot;<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/dowbrigade\/\nbugggm.jpg\" width=\"142\" height=\"216\" align=\"left\">Hernstein, who as a grad student had demonstrated<br \/>\n          his slavish dedication to the advancement of science and blind obedience<br \/>\n          to<br \/>\n          his Harvard mentor, B.<br \/>\n        F. Skinner, by volunteering his firstborn son while still an infant<br \/>\n        to be placed in a &quot;Skinner Box&quot; in a Harvard Psych lab, basically a featureless,<br \/>\n        neutral environment, a padded white sterile capsule, where every stimuli<br \/>\n        could<br \/>\n        be controlled,<br \/>\n        measured and observed, would later become famous for his controversial<br \/>\n        work linking intelligence with genetic (and racial) differences between<br \/>\n          indivuals.<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em>But the most bizarre chapter in his career occurred<br \/>\n          during the Korean War when his early work with visual acuity, intelligence<br \/>\n          and pigeons<br \/>\n        came to the attention of the boys in the Pentagon. Probably Darpa, if<br \/>\n        it existed back then, or its predecessor. At the time they were hard<br \/>\n          at work on the seeds of the technology that would later come to be<br \/>\n          know<br \/>\n          as<br \/>\n          &quot;Smart<br \/>\n          bombs&quot;;<br \/>\n        guided missiles, laser guided bombs, camera-in the-nosecone weapons,<br \/>\n          heat-seeking, etc. <\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em>Back in the 50&#8217;s, though, they were still groping for ways to self-direct<br \/>\n        the explosives, and one of the ideas they were exploring was animal-directed<br \/>\n        bombs. Pigeons have excellent eyes &#8211; they can spot a tasty morsel of<br \/>\n        regurgitated fried dough from hundreds of feet in the air. Hernstein<br \/>\n        had shown that pigeons could be trained to peck at certain shapes on<br \/>\n        a piece of paper, in a photograph, or on a touch-sensative screen.<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em>The idea was to have a bird in the nosecone of each<br \/>\n          bomb or missile, pecking at an image of the target projected on a screen<br \/>\n          from the nose<br \/>\n        of the missile, and steering it accordingly. According to Hernstein himself<br \/>\n        during and aside in the course we took from him (and the only thing<br \/>\n          we remember from that course), the result of three years of top secret<br \/>\n          research<br \/>\n        and several million taxpayers dollars was the realization that although<br \/>\n        the pigeons performed well, accuracy was not within acceptable limits.        <\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em>Interesting, and the focus of the third year of<br \/>\n          research, was the fact that if THREE pigeons were lodged in each bomb,<br \/>\n          and their pecking triangulated, the<br \/>\n        resulting accuracy WAS within the target range.&nbsp;However, with<br \/>\n        three pigeons and all of their necessary equipment, there was no room<br \/>\n        left in the bomb for explosives. Another brilliant innovation wrecked<br \/>\n        on the shoals of martial realities.<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em>The butterflies sound promising, though&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Pentagon&#8217;s defence scientists want to create an army of cyber-insects that can be remotely controlled to check out explosives and send transmissions. The idea is to insert micro-systems at the pupa stage, when the insects can integrate them into &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/2006\/03\/17\/dr-dolittle-at-darpa\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":299,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1445],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-weird-science"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/299"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=810"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/810\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}