{"id":399,"date":"2005-07-25T23:57:04","date_gmt":"2005-07-26T03:57:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/dbnews\/2005\/07\/25\/the-spirit-of-america\/"},"modified":"2005-07-25T23:57:04","modified_gmt":"2005-07-26T03:57:04","slug":"the-spirit-of-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/2005\/07\/25\/the-spirit-of-america\/","title":{"rendered":"The Spirit of America"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name='a6417'><\/a><\/p>\n<table width=\"537\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/dowbrigade\/\nririch.gif\" width=\"142\" height=\"243\" align=\"left\">Early this morning we read a very interesting Op-ed article by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2005\/07\/25\/opinion\/25krugman.html?ex=1279944000&amp;en=40e11f0fc3b8baa7&amp;ei=5088&amp;partner=rssnyt&amp;emc=rss\">Paul<br \/>\n        Krugman<\/a> which opened with the following rather stark and striking paragraph:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em>Modern American politics is dominated by the doctrine that government<br \/>\n          is the problem, not the solution. In practice, this doctrine translates<br \/>\n          into policies that make low taxes on the rich the highest priority, even<br \/>\n          if lack of revenue undermines basic public services. You don&#8217;t have to<br \/>\n          be a liberal to realize that this is wrong-headed. Corporate leaders<br \/>\n          understand quite well that good public services are also good for business.<br \/>\n          But the political environment is so polarized these days that top executives<br \/>\n        are often afraid to speak up against conservative dogma.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Krugman goes on to illustrate his point with the story of how Toyota<br \/>\n        decided to locate a new Rav4 assembly plant in Ontario, because Canada&#8217;s<br \/>\n        national health system frees them from providing an expensive benefit<br \/>\n        to its workers. The Dowbrigade, however, has spent the day pondering<br \/>\n        the questions posited in that provocative opening paragraph.<\/p>\n<p>It seems clear to the Dowbrigade that the ability of the rich and poor<br \/>\n        to see each other as partners in a national enterprise, the end objective<br \/>\n        of which is the advancement of the interests of all of the participants,<br \/>\n        is a necessary condition for a healthy society and economy. It also seems<br \/>\n        clear that the fabric of this melding of interests has been fraying for<br \/>\n        some time now, to the detriment of the common good and America&#8217;s competitiveness<br \/>\n        in the world economy.<\/p>\n<p>The estrangement between the rich and the poor seems to be coming mostly<br \/>\n        from the side of the rich, who, in the flight to the suburbs, the retreat<br \/>\n        to gated communities, the reliance on the enclosed, self-contained environments<br \/>\n        of SUV&#8217;s and the economic stratification of everything from restaurants<br \/>\n        to sporting events to airline seating, seem to want to isolate themselves<br \/>\n        from the common classes&nbsp; as much as possible.<\/p>\n<p>They are abandoning the concept of the common good in favor of desperately<br \/>\n        protecting their privileges in what they see as dangerous and uncertain<br \/>\n        times.&nbsp; They, and large segments of the poor, have lost the sense<br \/>\n        that we are all in this together.<\/p>\n<p>In their clubs, and private schools and vacation resorts, the rich have<br \/>\n        succeeded in isolating themselves, and managed to rationalize that while<br \/>\n        immigration was fine for their own ancestors, times have changed and<br \/>\n        we need to let in a better class of people now.<\/p>\n<p>To a certain degree, this has always been true. The founding fathers<br \/>\n        were members of the elite, such as it was back in the day, and Washington<br \/>\n        and Jefferson both owned slaves.&nbsp; But, as the song says, those were<br \/>\n        different times, and we&#8217;ve gotta give our man Thomas J his props, just<br \/>\n        for writing those five words, &quot;All men are created equal.&quot;<\/p>\n<p>But during the first century and a half of our history, the United States<br \/>\n        was a highly stratified society, and the opportunities for the poor to<br \/>\n        mingle with the rich, or ascend to their lofty status, was limited in<br \/>\n        the extreme. But forces were at work which would allow the US to realize<br \/>\n        the potential that was lurking in their polyglot population of rebels<br \/>\n        and refugees.<\/p>\n<p>The key to any country or culture to ascend to a position of dominance<br \/>\n        in their era is the ability to take advantage of the human resources<br \/>\n        inherent in their population.&nbsp; Talented, capable, intelligent, creative<br \/>\n        people are salted throughout the population without regard to region,<br \/>\n        sex, or social class. Systems that allow these individuals to rise to<br \/>\n        positions where they can contribute to the national enterprise will have<br \/>\n        an advantage over those that do not.<\/p>\n<p>This is the basic reason that a culture that systematically prohibits<br \/>\n        or discourages half of their population (for example, women) from developing<br \/>\n        their abilities or performing certain functions cannot in the long run<br \/>\n        compete<br \/>\n        with one<br \/>\n        that encourages them to participate.<\/p>\n<p>Every culture that has risen to dominate its era has had some increased<br \/>\n        vertical mobility or mechanism for identifying or importing talent which<br \/>\n        gave it an advantage over its contemporaries.&nbsp; The Egyptians took<br \/>\n        conquered people into slavery, but then allowed them to rise to important<br \/>\n        positions even in the heart of the executive administration of the empire<br \/>\n        (Moses raised by the Pharaoh). The Romans also allowed slaves and foreigners<br \/>\n        to become citizens, fighters to win their freedom (Gladiator) and commoners<br \/>\n        to become rich merchants and traders.&nbsp; Why Nero even appointed a<br \/>\n        HORSE to the Senate &#8211; hard to beat that for an example of vertical mobility.<\/p>\n<p>The Chinese developed an exam system that allowed smart and studious<br \/>\n        types from throughout the empire to join the bureaucracy, regardless<br \/>\n        of family connections or formal education, and their civilization has<br \/>\n        outlasted<br \/>\n        any and all competitors. The ability to identify and nurture talent is<br \/>\n        certainly a civilizational survival skill.<\/p>\n<p>And for a while there, America had it down better than anyone else on<br \/>\n        the planet. Going back to Horace Mann and the institution of universal<br \/>\n        public education, through the New Deal and the creation of a social safety<br \/>\n        net, through the massive educational revolution of the GI bill, and the<br \/>\n        huge waves of immigration at the beginning and end of the past century,<br \/>\n        the United States managed to attract and integrate a greater range of<br \/>\n        human talent and effort than anyone else in the world. As a result we<br \/>\n        went from being a third rate nation with a developing economy to the<br \/>\n        most powerful empire in the history of the planet.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, even in an open, egalitarian society, the rich have certain<br \/>\n        prerogatives which allow them to retain a hold on power and pass it on<br \/>\n        to succeeding generations of rich kids.&nbsp; Talent is not the only<br \/>\n        ingredient in success, even in a meritocracy.&nbsp; Education, opportunity,<br \/>\n        and character are also indispensable in rising to the highest levels,<br \/>\n        and<br \/>\n        character is expensive. Kids growing up hard-scrabble on the street,<br \/>\n        between gangs, drugs and a sex-fueled materialism have a harder time<br \/>\n        learning the virtuous chacteristics of discipline, accountability and<br \/>\n        trustworthiness.&nbsp; Obviously,<br \/>\n        it is not impossible, but extremely difficult.<\/p>\n<p>Presidents as dissimilar as Roosevelt, Truman and Kennedy epitomized<br \/>\n        the &quot;we&#8217;re all in this together&quot; ethos.&nbsp; Politicians really<br \/>\n        strived to bring people together and find common ground, rather than<br \/>\n        mine differences and resentments to transitory political benefit.&nbsp; There<br \/>\n        was still rich and poor, as there always will be, but the poor didn&#8217;t<br \/>\n        see<br \/>\n        the rich<br \/>\n        as<br \/>\n        the<br \/>\n        enemy,<br \/>\n        but rather as the ideal to which they aspired, and the rich didn&#8217;t fear<br \/>\n        the poor &#8211; rather they saw them as a resource on which their common good<br \/>\n        was assured.<\/p>\n<p>This was the true Spirit of America.&nbsp; It is a spirit that is clearly<br \/>\n        scarce in these trying and troubled times. We are no longer all in it<br \/>\n        together &#8211; the affluent have abandoned an entire segment of society as<br \/>\n        too dirty, dangerous,or dissolute to be saved &#8211; a lost cause better off<br \/>\n        institutionalized, either in prison, or, if they are lucky, in the Army,<br \/>\n        than running around<br \/>\n        loose in the streets.<\/p>\n<p>A great mass of the poor now no longer see the rich as admirable models<br \/>\n        of a lifestyle to which they aspire.&nbsp; Rather, they see them as<br \/>\n        avaricious, duplicitous, underhanded and determined to keep them, the<br \/>\n        poor, down on the floor. Jobs that allow the possibility of escape from<br \/>\n        the underclass are fleeing offshore. College has become so unreasonably<br \/>\n        expensive as to be less a dream than a joke<br \/>\n        to<br \/>\n        millions<br \/>\n        of<br \/>\n        Americans.<\/p>\n<p>Unless we can recapture the sense of being embarked together on a national<br \/>\n        voyage to a better land for all of us, our fortunes and position in the<br \/>\n        world are sure to continue to decline.<\/p>\n<p>Paul Krugman quote from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2005\/07\/25\/opinion\/25krugman.html?ex=1279944000&amp;en=40e11f0fc3b8baa7&amp;ei=5088&amp;partner=rssnyt&amp;emc=rss\">the<br \/>\n          New York Times<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Early this morning we read a very interesting Op-ed article by Paul Krugman which opened with the following rather stark and striking paragraph: Modern American politics is dominated by the doctrine that government is the problem, not the solution. In &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/2005\/07\/25\/the-spirit-of-america\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":299,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1444],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-prose-screeds"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/299"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=399"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/399\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}