{"id":185,"date":"2005-04-19T12:18:03","date_gmt":"2005-04-19T16:18:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/dbnews\/2005\/04\/19\/the-problem-with-democracy\/"},"modified":"2005-04-19T12:18:03","modified_gmt":"2005-04-19T16:18:03","slug":"the-problem-with-democracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/2005\/04\/19\/the-problem-with-democracy\/","title":{"rendered":"The Problem with Democracy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name='a4880'><\/a><\/p>\n<table width=\"537\" border=\"0\">\n<tr>\n<td height=\"122\">\n<p align=\"center\"><font color=\"#990033\" size=\"+1\"><strong>Everything You Need to Know About Ecuadorian Politics<br \/>\n        According to the Dowbrigade<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/blogs\/static\/dowbrigade\/gyeprotest.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"210\" align=\"left\">No,<br \/>\n        that is not Saddam surfacing unscathed in South America &#8211; it is part<br \/>\n        of<br \/>\n          a <a href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory?id=681958\">massive<br \/>\n          street<br \/>\n          protest<\/a> in<br \/>\n          Guayaquil,<br \/>\n          Ecuador.<br \/>\n          Once<br \/>\n          again, our adopted Latin American home is in turmoil, as protests against<br \/>\n          the<br \/>\n          President<br \/>\n          du jour,<br \/>\n          Lucio<br \/>\n          Gutierrez,<br \/>\n          have wracked both Quito, the capital, and Guayaquil, the main port<br \/>\n        and business center.<\/p>\n<p>The essence of Ecuadorian politics is a seesaw battle between power<br \/>\n        centers in Quito (aristocratic, reserved, old money, cultured cronyism)<br \/>\n        and Guayaquil (hot, raucous, rapine capitalism and endemic corruption).<br \/>\n        Usually, one group has the Presidency and the other has the Opposition.<\/p>\n<p>However, over the past 15 years Ecuador has had a successions of clowns<br \/>\n        and frauds run into and out of office that make George Bush look like<br \/>\n        a cross between FDR and Abraham Lincoln. They also make Ecuadorian politics<br \/>\n        one of the most gripping and absurdist political shows on the face of<br \/>\n        the planet, featuring world-class bombast, rhetoric and theatrical drama,<br \/>\n        moments of transcendent triumph, and enough low comedy and cutthroat<br \/>\n        treachery to entertain the most jaded political junkie.&nbsp; And all<br \/>\n        with amazingly little loss of life or even severe suffering on the part<br \/>\n        of innocents, other than the undeniable tragedy of underdevelopment that<br \/>\n        limits the options and opportunities of 90% of the population.<\/p>\n<p>The seeds of the current absurdist political farce began, in an eerie<br \/>\n        echo of the Kennedy saga, in the death of Jaime Roldos, a 40-year old<br \/>\n        charismatic<br \/>\n        reformer<br \/>\n        who<br \/>\n        was killed in a mysterious plane crash in the Ecuadorian Andes, near<br \/>\n        the border with Peru, in 1981.<\/p>\n<p>Since then, Ecuador, a small, largely agricultural nation, has a track<br \/>\n        record of holding relatively open, fair elections, and usually allowing<br \/>\n        the winner&#8217;s to take office.&nbsp; However, the last 10 or so Presidents<br \/>\n        have not managed to finish their terms, creating the longest string of<br \/>\n        interrupted terms in the world today, as far as we can tell.<\/p>\n<p> Sixto Duran Ballen (1992 &#8211; 1996), born in Boston, was the last Ecuadorian<br \/>\n        president to serve out his term.&nbsp;A kindly, elderly man, he was an<br \/>\n        old-line aristocrat.<\/p>\n<p>He was followed by Abdala Bucaram, popularly known<br \/>\n        as &quot;El Loco&quot; a power-mad populist<br \/>\n        absolutely<br \/>\n        out of control and over the top, an eccentric egomaniac in the caudillo<br \/>\n        mode the likes of whom we haven&#8217;t seen since Juan Peron and Papa Doc<br \/>\n        left the stage. Bucaram said, &quot;They call me Crazy Abdala,<br \/>\n        but madmen speak from the heart and see with their soul&quot;. He named<br \/>\n        his 20-year-old son head of customs and set him up in a street level<br \/>\n        office on <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/2005\/03\/28\">Calle<br \/>\n        Victor Emilio Estrada<\/a>, where the going rate was $5,000 per shipping<br \/>\n        container, irrespective of contents, cash money, US bills.<\/p>\n<p>El Loco was forced out of office for &#8220;mental incompetence&#8221; after six spectacular months of world-class<br \/>\n        political pillaging and massive protests from every level of society<br \/>\n        and class. He fled to asylum in Panama and was succeed by a Romanesque<br \/>\n        Triumvirate including the head of Congress and an Indigenous leader.&nbsp; They<br \/>\n        lasted three days. At that point the Congress finally decided to check<br \/>\n        the Constitution and elevated the sitting Vice President to the Presidency.&nbsp; Unfortunately,<br \/>\n        she was a woman, and a rather mousy stooge of El Loco at that, so Rosalia<br \/>\n        lasted all of three more days.<\/p>\n<p>At that point the president of the Congress, \t \tFabian Alarcon, decided<br \/>\n        to take matters into his own hands, and named himself &quot;interim President&quot;<br \/>\n        until new elections could be organized 18 month later, in 1997.<\/p>\n<p>In those elections, a young, idealistic reformer with an academic<br \/>\n        background, Jamil Mahauad, was elected.&nbsp; Like most Ecuadorian politicians,<br \/>\n        he is from a Lebanese Christian family. Somehow, almost the entire political<br \/>\n        ruling class of a small South American country comes from <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.law.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/2005\/02\/18\">two<br \/>\n        small villages in Lebanon<\/a>. Go figure.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, it became increasingly clear, or at least almost universally<br \/>\n        believed by the public, that their brilliant new leader was, well, gay.<br \/>\n        A still resolutely conservative and muy macho society was in no way shape<br \/>\n        or form ready for that.&nbsp; Worse than Rosalia. Poor Jamil was forced<br \/>\n        to resign and flee the country after an Indian and military revolt led<br \/>\n        by one Coronel Lucio Gutierrez, who clearly saw himself as a messianic<br \/>\n        figure saving the country from an ignominy worse than losing a war.<\/p>\n<p>Gutierrez was promptly thrown in jail, and \ta bland\told-line pol,<br \/>\n        Gustavo Noboa, finished out his term until yet another round of new election<br \/>\n        could be arranged.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, &quot;El Loco&quot; stewed and stormed in Panama, periodically flying<br \/>\n        the entire political leadership of his still popular populist party up<br \/>\n        to Central America for conspiratorial meetings and party elections. When<br \/>\n        last sighted Jamil was living in Cambridge, doing something at the Kennedy<br \/>\n        School, and running some kind of queer government-in-exile, convinced<br \/>\n        he was still the legitimate President of the country. We couldn&#8217;t make<br \/>\n        this stuff up.<\/p>\n<p>Anyway, by 2003 Lucio had gotten out of jail and into politics, and<br \/>\n        somehow, although a relatively unsophisticated career military officer<br \/>\n        with roots in the indigenous community, got himself elected, the ninth<br \/>\n        President in 8 years, and immediately found himself in deep trouble.<br \/>\n        Although he had managed to put together an electoral majority,<br \/>\n        he had absolutely no support or power base in the halls of government.&nbsp; His<br \/>\n        party was brand-spanking new, created just to propel him to the presidency.&nbsp; He<br \/>\n        had no experience with or knack for executive authority in a democratic<br \/>\n        context.<\/p>\n<p>By the end of last year it was clear he would not withstand a vote of<br \/>\n        confidence in Congress, so he cut a deal with the Devil, and with the<br \/>\n        support of the populist loonies of the exiled El Loco, managed to survive<br \/>\n        with 52 out of 100 votes.<\/p>\n<p>The quid pro quo came due last month, when taking advantage of a legislative<br \/>\n        holiday, Lucio fired the entire Supreme Court and named a new one, which<br \/>\n        promptly annulled all of the legal proceedings against El Loco Bucaram,<br \/>\n        allowing his triumphant return from 8 years of Panamanian exile three<br \/>\n        days later.<\/p>\n<p>At which point all hell broke loose.&nbsp; Massive protests erupted<br \/>\n        in BOTH Quito and Guayaquil.&nbsp; It is starting to look more an more<br \/>\n        likely that Lucio, whose name is already slang for &quot;vain incompetence&quot;,<br \/>\n        will join the proud tradition of truncated terms. Which is unfortunate,<br \/>\n        because Ecuador, which five years ago ditched their own currency and<br \/>\n        adopted the US dollar in a so far unsuccessful attempt to attract American<br \/>\n        investment,<br \/>\n        really needs to show some signs of political stability.<\/p>\n<p>We are fascinated and inspired.&nbsp; It is like watching a slow motion<br \/>\n        train wreck with lots of posturing and emotional angst, but where nobody<br \/>\n        really seems to get hurt, and everybody comes back for the next chapter.<\/p>\n<p>It<br \/>\n          is a supremely sad question to even consider, but<br \/>\nif given the choice between the bumbling banality and eccentric street theater<br \/>\nof Ecuadorian politics and the silent but deadly, cancer-like certainty which<br \/>\ncurrently pervades the corridors in Washington, we think we&#8217;ll go with the steamy<br \/>\nLatin passions.<\/p>\n<p>But the over-riding fear and discomfort that we feel arises from the<br \/>\n        suspicion that without a two century tradition of staid and ensconced<br \/>\n        two-party politics and a first world economy, Democracy in the modern<br \/>\n        world only has two ways to go.<\/p>\n<p>One is towards smooth, managed elections where slick &quot;Democratic&quot; Totalitarians<br \/>\n        like General Pervez Musharraf in Pakistan regularly garner 94% of the<br \/>\n        total vote.&nbsp; The<br \/>\n        other, seen with increasing frequency in developing countries which buy<br \/>\n        into American rhetoric and organize truly free and open elections, is<br \/>\n        chaos. With a gullible electorate mesmerized by modern marketing techniques<br \/>\n        applied to politics, any kind of zany sleazebag nutcase can one-off a<br \/>\n        popular political movement and get elected, and then have no hope of<br \/>\n        a stable government.<\/p>\n<p>This keeps young, aspiring democracies trapped in underdevelopment,<br \/>\n        political instability, and social chaos.&nbsp; It also produces some<br \/>\n        of the most gripping political theater on the planet. We will try to<br \/>\n        keep<br \/>\n        our readers abreast of developments in Ecuador.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>QUITO, Ecuador-Apr 18, 2005 &#8211; Chanting &quot;Lucio, get out,&quot; a<br \/>\n          river of demonstrators poured into the streets of Guayaquil, Ecuador&#8217;s<br \/>\n          largest city, Monday night to demand that President Lucio Gutierrez<br \/>\n          step down, as anti-government protests spread from Quito, the capital. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>from <a href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory?id=681958\">the Associated Press<\/a>      <\/p>\n<p>Local Spanish-language coverage (and photo) from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eluniverso.com\/\">El Universo<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Everything You Need to Know About Ecuadorian Politics According to the Dowbrigade No, that is not Saddam surfacing unscathed in South America &#8211; it is part of a massive street protest in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Once again, our adopted Latin American &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/2005\/04\/19\/the-problem-with-democracy\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":299,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1442],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-serious-news"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/299"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=185"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/dowbrigade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}